|
|
– Enlarged view – |
| • references | |
| Agerer R (1996) Russula acrifolia. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 105, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd. Agerer R, Franz F, Acker G (1994) The ectomycorrhizae of Russula acrifolia: an anatomical and ultrastructural treatise. Mycol Helvetica 6: 23-48. |
|
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • ramification presence-type | |
| monopodial-pinnate | |
| or | monopodial-pyramidal |
| • tips {per 10 mm} number | |
| 4 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • ramification orders | |
| 0 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • abundance | |
| solitary or in small numbers | |
| • main axis diameter | |
| 0.45 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.51 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs presence | |
| present | |
| • rhizomorphs frequency | |
| infrequent | |
| • exploration type | |
| contact | |
| • shape | |
| straight | |
| or | tortuous |
| • shape {of distal end} | |
| not inflated, cylindric | |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3.9 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 5.2 mm | Maximum value |
| • diameter | |
| 0.33 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.45 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • colour | |
| white | |
| • very tip colour | |
| whitish | |
| • older parts colour | |
| grey | |
| • mantle cortical cells visibility | |
| not visible | |
| • mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle transparency | |
| not transparent | |
| • mantle laticifers visibility | |
| absent | |
| • mantle dots presence-colour | |
| absent | |
| • mantle carbonizing presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle surface {in general} habit | |
| silvery | |
| or | smooth |
| or | covered with soil particles |
| • emanating hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • emanating hyphae abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • diameter | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.15 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cross-section shape | |
| round or roundish | |
| • colour | |
| concolourous to mantle | |
| or | ochre, yellowish brown |
| or | whitish |
| • connection to mantle kind | |
| distinct | |
| • origin location | |
| not specific | |
| or | proximal |
| • margin habit | |
| hairy | |
| • dimorphism presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • emanating elements presence-type | |
| rhizomorphs | |
| or | cystidia |
| • emanating elements cystidia location | |
| on outer mantle layer | |
| or | on rhizomorphs |
| • blue granules presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • matrix presence | |
| present | |
| • matrix location | |
| outer mantle layer {apart from tip} | |
| or | outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} |
| or | middle mantle layer |
| or | inner mantle layer |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • mantle type | |
| gelatinous matrix between the hyphae (type C) | |
| and | hyphae arranged net-like, with prominent cystidia (type D) |
| • matrix kind | |
| gelatinous | |
| • hyphal system kind | |
| undifferentiated | |
| • septa thickness {relative to cell walls} | |
| as thick as walls | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell shape | |
| cylindric, not constricted at septa | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| membranaceously brownish | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 3.5 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.2 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • matrix kind | |
| gelatinous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| plectenchymatous, without pattern | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| colourless | |
| or | membranaceously yellowish |
| or | membranaceously brownish |
| • cell diameter | |
| 3 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 9 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.2 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous with pseudoparenchymatous nests of cells | |
| • matrix kind | |
| not gelatinous | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 8 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} matrix kind | |
| gelatinous | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
| 30 µm | Minimum value |
| 40 µm | Mean (= average) |
| 50 µm | Maximum value |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| discernable | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • shape | |
| tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis | |
| • tangentially length | |
| 40 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 100 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 105 µm | Maximum value |
| • radially diameter | |
| 3 µm | Minimum value |
| 6 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 17 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mean tangenial length TCt | |
| 73 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • mean shape-ratio TCq | |
| 7.1 | Mean (= average) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely | |
| or | tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 17 µm | Minimum value |
| 45 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 105 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 115 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 13 µm | Minimum value |
| 16 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt) | |
| 73 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq) | |
| 3.3 | Mean (= average) |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| protruding towards endodermis | |
| • structure {in plan view} | |
| of palmetti type | |
| • lobes width | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| discernible | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 15 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Maximum value |
| • middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 15 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Maximum value |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • rows number | |
| 1 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • shape | |
| radially-oval to -elliptic | |
| or | tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic |
| • tangentially length | |
| 11 µm | Minimum value |
| 23 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 50 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 80 µm | Maximum value |
| • radially diameter | |
| 7 µm | Minimum value |
| 15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 33 µm | Maximum value |
| • mean tangential length TCt | |
| 33.5 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • mean shape-ratio TCq | |
| 2.1 | Mean (= average) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 15 µm | Minimum value |
| 25 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 45 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 60 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 12 µm | Minimum value |
| 22 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 45 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 50 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt | |
| 37 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq | |
| 1.2 | Mean (= average) |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| protruding towards endodermis | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape | |
| roundish | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number | |
| one | |
| or | two |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| cylindrical | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 3.5 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
| one | |
| • intrahyphal hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • septal pores configuration | |
| globular thickenings | |
| • anastomoses type | |
| open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking | |
| • anastomoses location | |
| not specified | |
| • type | |
| flask-shaped with an apical knob (type D) | |
| • apical knobs number | |
| 1 | Minimum value |
| 2 | Mean (= average) |
| 3 | Maximum value |
| • apical knobs arrangement | |
| asymmetrically | |
| or | serially in a bunch of two |
| • apical knobs shape | |
| ovoid | |
| • apical knobs diameter | |
| 1 µm | Minimum value |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 2.5 µm | Maximum value |
| • apical knobs length | |
| 1.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 3.5 µm | Maximum value |
| • apical knobs wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • apical knobs cell wall thickness {relative to cystidial body} | |
| thicker than those of cystidial body | |
| • septa presence | |
| absent | |
| • septa kind | |
| absent, with basal clamp only | |
| • diameter {proximal} | |
| 4 µm | Minimum value |
| 4.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Maximum value |
| • diameter {distal} | |
| 1.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Maximum value |
| • length | |
| 13 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 21 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 26 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell wall colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall colour {relative to mantle cells} | |
| lacking or less intense | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells} | |
| thicker | |
| • cell wall evenness | |
| even in thickness | |
| • surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • contents presence | |
| present | |
| • contents type | |
| brownish, with latex-like droplets | |
| • shape | |
| not striking | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape | |
| even | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end} | |
| tortuous, screw-like | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit | |
| without lens-shaped appositions | |
| or | without spindle-shaped appositions |
| or | with soil particles |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall} | |
| thinner | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness | |
| even in thickness | |
| • type | |
| differentiated; thick hyphae forming a core, septa complete or sometimes enlarged (type E) |
|
| • nodia presence | |
| absent | |
| • internal nodia presence | |
| absent | |
| • gelatinous matrix presence | |
| present | |
| • gelatinized hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • cup-like structures on surface presence | |
| absent | |
| • conical young side-branches presence | |
| absent | |
| • a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of foreign origin} presence | |
| absent | |
| • number {per cell} | |
| 2 | Mean (= average) |
| • shape | |
| round | |
| or | oval |
| • diameter | |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • length | |
| 2 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • septal pores type | |
| as dolipores with perforated parenthesome | |
| • mantle matrix presence-kind | |
| of outer layers dark, of inner layers transparent | |
| • mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence | |
| present | |
| • mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence | |
| present | |
| • mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence | |
| present | |
| • reaction with anilin presence | |
| present | |
| • reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence | |
| present [walls slightly blue] | |
| • reaction with FeSO4 presence | |
| present | |
| • reaction with formol 40% presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with guaiac presence | |
| present | |
| • reaction with KOH 10% presence | |
| present | |
| • reaction with lactic acid presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with Melzer's reagent presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with phenole presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence | |
| present | |
| • geographic occurrence continent | |
| Europe | |
| • knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence | |
| unknown | |
| • plant family | |
| Pinaceae | |
| • plant genus | |
| Picea | |
| • plant habitat kind | |
| forests, woods | |
| • family | |
| Russulaceae | |
| • subgenus-section | |
| Russula sect. Compactae | |
| • fruitbodies growth habit | |
| epigeous | |
| or | pileate-lamellate |
| • public notes | |
| Mycorrhizal ends straight to slightly tortuous; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter greenish-blue and cystidia and inner mantle layers more intensely than middle parts, with blue-filter yellow, with green-filter red; mantle in sulfo-vanillin with distinctly grey walls and contents of some cystidia homogeneously grey, in KOH more intensely ochre, in guaiac blue, in FeSO4 slightly greenish, in cotton-blue walls slightly blue, in anilin weakly reddish to slightly ochre, in safranin red. | |