Russula mairei Sing. + Fagus

– Item listing –

– Enlarged view –

Literature

• references
  Brand F (1991) Ektomykorrhizen an Fagus sylvatica. Charakterisierung und Identifizierung, ökologische Kennzeichnung und unsterile Kultivierung. Libri Botanici 2: 1-229.
Brand F (1991) Russula mairei. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 65, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
or    monopodial-pyramidal
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• main axis diameter
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  infrequent
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape
  straight
or    bent
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.25 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.35 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  ochre, yellowish brown
or    white
• very tip colour
  ochre, yellowish brown
or    white
• older parts colour
  ochre, yellowish brown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  concolorous to mantle
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely grainy or warty
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.025 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
• colour
  whitish
• origin location
  proximal
• margin habit
  smooth
• dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  present
Anatomical features of the mantle
• matrix presence
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
  angular
• mantle type
  some cells containing droplets, staining in sulpho-vanillin; shape variable (type N)
and    angular cells and mounds of flattened cells (type O)
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell contents presence-kind
  droplets, that stain in sulpho-vanillin
and    needle-like
• cell diameter
7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall with globular thickenings
  absent
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
• cell density
9     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density
23     Mean (= average)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
36 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
21 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.1     Minimum value
0.33     Mean (= average)
0.53     Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  periepidermal
or    in two rows, not reaching endodermis
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• mantle different layers presence
  discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
21 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  round
or    radially-oval to -elliptic
or    tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
9 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
27 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
12 µm    Minimum value
14 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
0.45     Minimum value
0.7     Mean (= average)
1.3     Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
• presence
  present
• kind
  apparently two rows deep
or    one or half a row of cortical cells adjoining endodermis free of Hartig net
or    in tow rows, not reaching endodermis
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
or    cylindrical
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
2 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
• lobes width
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
• septal pores configuration
  dolipore-like structures
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
• type
  globular (type G)
• septa presence
  absent
• septa kind
  absent, with basal clamp only
• diameter {proximal}
7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall colour
  absent
• cell wall colour {relative to mantle cells}
  similar
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
  similar in thickness
• cell wall evenness
  even in thickness
• surface habit
  smooth
• contents presence
  absent
or    present
• contents type
  absent
or    brownish, with latex-like droplets

Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  not striking
or    irregularly inflated or even beaded
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• kind
  approximately 90°
• distance {from septum}
  one or two hyphal diam. below the septum
• side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  even
or    with ellbow-like protrusions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
100 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  as thick as
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  absent
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  present
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  consistently present
• shape
  as small racemes
• diameter
1 µm    Mean (= average)
Anatomy of nuclei
• number {per cell}
2     Mean (= average)
• shape
  round
• diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• distance {between each other}
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  absent
• reaction with anilin presence
  absent
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
or    present
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• amyloidity haustoria presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  absent
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present

Ecology

• substrate
  in organic layer
• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Fagaceae
• plant genus
  Fagus
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Russulaceae
• subgenus-section
  unknown [20. Russula sect. Emeticinae]
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

Remarks

• public notes
  Mycorrhizal systems irregularly monopodial-pinnate to monopodial-pyramidal; mycorrhizal ends at most slightly bent, light ochre; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter light blue; mantle in sulfo-vanillin with blackish violet latex cells, in lactic acid latex forming needles, in cotton-blue cell walls blue.

– Item listing –