Thaxterogaster albocanus + Nothofagus

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Literature

references
  Palfner G (1996) Thaxterogaster albocanus Horak & Moser + Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. et Endl.) Krasser. Descr Ectomyc 1: 155-160.
Palfner G (1996) Thaxterogaster albocanus. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 10, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.
Palfner G (2001) Taxonomische Studien an Ektomykorrhizen aus den Nothofagus-Wäldern Mittelsüdchiles. Bibliotheca Mycologica Vol. 190, Cramer, Berlin Stuttgart.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
main axis diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Maximum value
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
exploration type
  medium distance fringe
Morphology of the unramified ends
shape
  bent
or    tortuous
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
or    tapering
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.15 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  white
very tip colour
  white
older parts colour
  brown
or    grey
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely cottony
or    loosely stringy
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0.013 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.115 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cross-section shape
  round or roundish
colour
  white
connection to mantle kind
  distinct
or    oblique
origin location
  not specific
margin habit
  hairy
dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
and    cylindric, constricted at septa
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Maximum value
cell length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
75 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
108 µm    Maximum value
cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
cell length
8 µm    Minimum value
12 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
42 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Maximum value
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous with pseudoparenchymatous nests of cells
hyphae arrangement
  ring-like
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Maximum value
cell length
5 µm    Minimum value
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
36 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
74 µm    Maximum value
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
13 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
27 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Maximum value
mantle different layers presence
  discernable
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2.7 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Maximum value
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2.5 µm    Minimum value
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
29 µm    Maximum value
middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1.8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
21 µm    Maximum value
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1.8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
36 µm    Minimum value
40 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
54 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
6 µm    Minimum value
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
23 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
32 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  paraepidermal
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
or    beaded
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
1.8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
lobes width
1.8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
presence
  present
kind
  apparently two rows deep
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
septal pores configuration
  globular thickenings
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  present
anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  thicker than
or    as thick as
anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  as thick as
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  not striking
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  present
clamps outline {in lateral view}
  less than a semicircle
or    not constricted at contact point to subtending hyphal cell
clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
  thinner than
clamps hole presence
  present
clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.3 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Maximum value
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
13 µm    Minimum value
27 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
120 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
164 µm    Maximum value
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  undifferentiated; margins rather smooth; hyphae compactly arranged and of uniform diameter
(type B)
internal nodia presence
  absent
gelatinous matrix presence
  absent
gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  absent
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  absent
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  absent
reaction with anilin presence
  absent
reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  absent
reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
reaction with phenole presence
  absent
reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  absent
reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  absent
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present

Ecology

geographic occurrence continent
  South America
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

plant family
  Fagaceae
plant genus
  Nothofagus
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Cortinariaceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    secotioid

Remarks

public notes
  In sulfo-vanillin mantle pinkish.

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