Thaxterogaster albocanus + Nothofagus

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Palfner G (1996) Thaxterogaster albocanus Horak & Moser + Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. et Endl.) Krasser. Descr Ectomyc 1: 155-160.
Palfner G (1996) Thaxterogaster albocanus. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 10, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.
Palfner G (2001) Taxonomische Studien an Ektomykorrhizen aus den Nothofagus-Wäldern Mittelsüdchiles. Bibliotheca Mycologica Vol. 190, Cramer, Berlin Stuttgart.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• main axis diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Maximum value
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  medium distance fringe
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape
  bent
or    tortuous
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
or    tapering
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.15 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  white
• very tip colour
  white
• older parts colour
  brown
or    grey
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely cottony
or    loosely stringy
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
• emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0.013 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.115 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
• colour
  white
• connection to mantle kind
  distinct
or    oblique
• origin location
  not specific
• margin habit
  hairy
• dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
• cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
and    cylindric, constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell diameter
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
75 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
108 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
• cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
8 µm    Minimum value
12 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
42 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous with pseudoparenchymatous nests of cells
• hyphae arrangement
  ring-like
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
5 µm    Minimum value
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
36 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
74 µm    Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
13 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
27 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Maximum value
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2.7 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2.5 µm    Minimum value
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
29 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1.8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
21 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1.8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
36 µm    Minimum value
40 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
54 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
6 µm    Minimum value
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
23 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
32 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  paraepidermal
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
or    beaded
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
1.8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
1.8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
• presence
  present
• kind
  apparently two rows deep
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
• septal pores configuration
  globular thickenings
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  present
• anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  thicker than
or    as thick as
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  as thick as
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  present
• clamps outline {in lateral view}
  less than a semicircle
or    not constricted at contact point to subtending hyphal cell
• clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
  thinner than
• clamps hole presence
  present
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.3 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
13 µm    Minimum value
27 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
120 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
164 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  undifferentiated; margins rather smooth; hyphae compactly arranged and of uniform diameter
(type B)
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  absent
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  absent
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  absent
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  absent
• reaction with anilin presence
  absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  absent
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  absent
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  South America
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Fagaceae
• plant genus
  Nothofagus
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Cortinariaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    secotioid

Remarks

• public notes
  In sulfo-vanillin mantle pinkish.

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