"Tsugaerhiza luteoannulata" + Tsuga

Literature

• references
	Agerer R (1998) Tsugaerhiza luteoannulata. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 139, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd. Agerer R, Molina R (1997) "Tsugaerhiza luteoannulata" + Tsuga heterophylla (Rafin.) Sarg. Descr Ectomyc 2: 79-84.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
	monopodial-pinnate
• tips {per 10 mm} number
7	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification orders
0	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• main axis diameter
0.6 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.8 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	present
• rhizomorphs frequency
	abundant

Morphology of the unramified ends

• shape
	bent
or	sinuous
• shape {of distal end}
	not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5.5 mm	Maximum value
• diameter
0.45 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.58 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.65 mm	Maximum value
• colour
	yellow
• very tip colour
	yellow
• older parts colour
	brown
or	ochre, yellowish brown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
	not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
	present
• mantle transparency
	not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
	absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
	absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	silvery
or	smooth
or	not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
	densely stringy
or	forming rings (reticulate)
• emanating hyphae presence
	present
• emanating hyphae abundance
	infrequent

Morphology of rhizomorphs

• diameter
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.15 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
	round or roundish
• colour
	yellow
• ramification kind-frequency
	infrequently, at restricted points
• connection to mantle kind
	distinct
• origin location
	proximal
• margin habit
	smooth

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

• emanating elements presence-type
	rhizomorphs
• blue granules presence
	absent

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent

Anatomical features of the mantle

• matrix presence
	present
• matrix location
	inner mantle layer

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• mantle type
	ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
	thinner than walls
and	as thick as walls
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell shape
	cylindric, constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously yellowish
and	plasmatically yellowish
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent
• cell diameter
3.5 µm	Minimum value
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
70 µm	Maximum value
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
	plectenchymatous, ring-like
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously yellowish
or	plasmatically yellowish
• cell diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
45 µm	Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
	not gelatinous
• hyphae arrangement
	without pattern
or	ring-like
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously yellowish
or	plasmatically yellowish
• cell diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm	Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip

• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
	like other parts of mantle
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
3.5 µm	Minimum value
4.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
30 µm	Minimum value
40 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
50 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
	discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• rows number
0	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2	Maximum value
• shape
	tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• tangentially length
35 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
95 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
120 µm	Maximum value
• radially diameter
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
13 µm	Maximum value
• mean tangenial length TCt
63.3 µm	Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
8.7	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	rectangular
or	tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely
or	tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
11 µm	Minimum value
35 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
95 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
108 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
46 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
71.6 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
3.2	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• kind
	in two rows, not reaching endodermis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
	roundish
or	cylindrical
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
	one
or	two
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	roundish
or	cylindrical
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	one
• structure {in plan view}
	infrequently lobed
• lobes width
1.5 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

• mantle different layers presence
	discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Minimum value
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
23 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section

• presence
	present
• rows number
1	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• tangentially length
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
37 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
52 µm	Maximum value
• radially diameter
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
33 µm	Maximum value
• mean tangential length TCt
22.6 µm	Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
2.8	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
10 µm	Minimum value
14 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
29 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
36 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
13 µm	Minimum value
17 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
21.7 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
0.9	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section

• presence
	present
• kind
	one or half a row of cortical cells adjoining endodermis free of Hartig net
or	in tow rows, not reaching endodermis

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

• intrahyphal hyphae presence
	absent
• septal pores configuration
	globular thickenings
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
	present
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
	absent
• anastomoses type
	open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
	as thick as
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
	as thick as
• anastomoses location
	not specified

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

• shape
	wavy
or	not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously yellowish
• pigment presence-distribution
	only proximal
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae

• presence
	present
• kind
	acute
• distance {from septum}
	adjacent to septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae

• clamps presence
	absent
• clamps hole presence
	absent
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae

• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
	even
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
	simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
95 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
195 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
	smooth
or	rough of warts
or	without lens-shaped appositions
or	without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
	as thick as
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
	even in thickness

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved (type F)
• nodia presence
	present
• internal nodia presence
	present
• gelatinous matrix presence
	absent
• gelatinized hyphae presence
	absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
	absent
• conical young side-branches presence
	present
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

• contents presence-kind
	absent
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of chlamydospores

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of haustoria

• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
	absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
	absent

Anatomy of nuclei

• number {per cell}
2	Mean (= average)
• shape
	round
or	oval
• diameter
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Autofluorescence

• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
	present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
	present
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
	present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
	present
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
	present
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
	absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
	absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
	absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
	present
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
	absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
	absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
	North America

Tree

• plant family
	Pinaceae
• plant genus
	Tsuga
• plant habitat kind
	forests, woods

Remarks

• public notes

Mycorrhizal ends bent to slightly sinuous, yellow-brown to brown; emanating hyphal bases very infrequently rough due to cracking of outer cell wall layers, otherwise smooth; rhizomorphs when thinner then of type E, rhizomorphs only with a slight matrix, peripheral hyphae of thicker rhizomorphs occasionally with roundish, inflated cells; in longitudinal section Hartg net 2-3 cortical cell layers deep and two rows adjacent to endodermis free of Hartig net, tannin cells irregularly compressed to bone-shaped or acuminated elliptic; in cross-section 2 rows of cortical cells adjoining endodermis free of Hartig net; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter bluish, with blue-filter yellowish green, with green-filter slightly reddish; mantle in KOH with more intensely yellow colour, in brillant-cresyl-blue cell walls blue to blue-green, in cotton-blue cell walls and parts of contents green to bluish-green; nuclei lying close together.

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