Tuber rufum Pico + Corylus

Literature

Palenzona M, Chevalier G, Fontana A (1972) Sintesi micorrizica tra i miceli in coltura di Tuber brumale, T. melanosporum, T. rufum e semenzali di conifere e latifoglie. Allionia 18: 41-52.
Rauscher T, Agerer R, Chevalier G (1995) Ektomykorrhizen von Tuber melanosporum, Tuber mesentericum und Tuber rufum (Tuberales) an Corylus avellana. Nova Hedwigia 61: 281-322.
Rauscher T, Chevalier G (1995) Tuber rufum. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 89, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.5 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
	monopodial-pinnate
• ramification orders
0	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• main axis diameter
0.45 mm	Minimum value
0.55 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.72 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
1 mm	Maximum value
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	absent
• exploration type
	short distance

Morphology of the unramified ends

• shape
	bent
or	sinuous
• shape {of distal end}
	not inflated, cylindric
or	inflated, club-shaped
• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.2 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.8 mm	Maximum value
• diameter
0.24 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.32 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.45 mm	Maximum value
• colour
	dark brown
or	brown
or	ochre, yellowish brown
• very tip colour
	brown
or	brownish
• older parts colour
	dark brown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
	not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
	present
• mantle transparency
	not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
	absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
	absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	smooth
• emanating hyphae presence
	present
• emanating hyphae abundance
	infrequent
• emanating hyphae distribution
	not specifically distributed

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent

Anatomical features of the mantle

• matrix presence
	absent

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
and	pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
	epidermoid, puzzle-like, jig-saw-shaped
• mantle type
	epidermoid cells bearing a hyphal net (type Q)
• hyphal net cells shape
	with roundish lobes
• hyphal net cells diameter
2 µm	Minimum value
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Maximum value
• hyphal net cell walls habit
	distinct, rather thick
• mound cells diameter
0 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• pores between cells presence
	absent
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
	as thick as walls
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously brownish
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent
• cell diameter
3.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10.5 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
10 µm	Minimum value
14 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
22 µm	Maximum value
• cell density
9	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm	Minimum value
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall with globular thickenings
	absent
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth
• cell wall projections presence
	present
• cell wall projections abundance
	abundant
• cell wall projections shape
	thicker at distal end
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
4.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
9.5 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
6 µm	Minimum value
9 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Maximum value
• cell density
10	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm	Minimum value
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm	Maximum value
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
2.5 µm	Minimum value
3.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
6 µm	Minimum value
8 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip

• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density
13	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm	Minimum value
14 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
21 µm	Maximum value
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
10 µm	Minimum value
13 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
	discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
7 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Minimum value
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
16 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
5 µm	Minimum value
9 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
19 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
25 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
11.6 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.3	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• kind
	periepidermal
or	paraepidermal
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	roundish
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	one
• structure {in plan view}
	of palmetti type
• lobes width
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

• mantle different layers presence
	discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
7 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Minimum value
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
18 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	round
or	radially-oval to -elliptic
or	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
14 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
33 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
11 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
31 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
21.5 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
1	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section

• presence
	present
• kind
	apparently two rows deep
or	apparently one and a half row deep
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	roundish
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	one
• lobes width
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• structure {in plan view}
	of palmetti type

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

• intrahyphal hyphae presence
	present
• septal pores configuration
	Woronin bodies
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
	absent
• anastomoses type
	closed by a simple septum, with a long bridge
• anastomoses location
	not specified

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

• shape
	wavy
or	not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously brownish
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae

• presence
	present
• kind
	approximately 90°
• distance {from septum}
	one or two hyphal diam. below the septum
• side-branches at septum number
	one side-branch at septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae

• clamps presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae

• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
	even
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
	simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
12 µm	Minimum value
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
	smooth
or	without lens-shaped appositions
or	without spindle-shaped appositions
or	with soil particles
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
	thinner
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
	even in thickness

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	lacking, only emanating hyphae present (type G)

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

Anatomy of chlamydospores

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of haustoria

• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
	absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
	absent

Anatomy of nuclei

• number {per cell}
1	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
	round
or	oval
• diameter
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• distance {between each other}
0.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Ultrastructure

• Woronin bodies shape
	round, oval or elliptic

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
	absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
	absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
	present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
	present
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
	present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
	present
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
	present
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
	present
• reaction with formol 40% presence
	absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
	absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
	absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole presence
	absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
	absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
	Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
	unknown

Tree

• plant family
	Betulaceae
• plant genus
	Corylus
• plant habitat kind
	nursery

Fungus

• family
	Tuberaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
	hypogeous

Remarks

• public notes

Autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter outer layer slightly brown to ochre and middle layer slightly yellow and inner layer olive brown, with blue-filter all layers yellowish-brown and middle layer very distinct, with green-filter all layers distincty red and outer layer most distinct; mantle in FeSO4 with greyish-brown cell walls, in lactic acid ligher coloured, in cotton-blue cell walls irregularly blue, in ethanol cell walls dark brown.

– Item listing –