Xerocomus armeniacus (Quel.) Quel. + Quercus

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Literature

• references
  Palfner G, Agerer R (1995) Sind die Ektomykorrhizen von Xerocomus subtomentosus und X. armeniacus unterscheidbar? Z Mykol 61(1): 45-58.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pyramidal
or    coralloid
• tips {per 10 mm} number
24     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
  solitary or in small numbers
• main axis diameter
0.3 mm    Minimum value
0.4 mm    Mean (= average)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  infrequent
• exploration type
  long distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
• shape
  bent
or    sinuous
or    tortuous
• shape {of distal end}
  tapering
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.9 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2.5 mm    Maximum value
• diameter
0.3 mm    Minimum value
0.4 mm    Mean (= average)
• colour
  yellow
or    white
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  forming rings (reticulate)
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.18 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
• colour
  yellow
or    yellowish
or    whitish
• ramification kind-frequency
  infrequently, at restricted points
• connection to mantle kind
  distinct
• origin location
  proximal
• margin habit
  smooth
• dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• matrix presence
  present
• matrix location
  inner mantle layer
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  thinner than walls
and    as thick as walls
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa
and    slightly inflated in middle portions
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
and    plasmatically yellowish
• cell diameter
5 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Mean (= average)
10 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
7 µm    Minimum value
28 µm    Mean (= average)
70 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  rough
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, ring-like
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
• cell diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
6.5 µm    Mean (= average)
10 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
10 µm    Minimum value
23.5 µm    Mean (= average)
47 µm    Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  rough
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous with pseudoparenchymatous nests of cells
• matrix kind
  not gelatinous
• hyphae arrangement
  ring-like
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Mean (= average)
8 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
5 µm    Minimum value
14.5 µm    Mean (= average)
38 µm    Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Minimum value
14 µm    Mean (= average)
35 µm    Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
5 µm    Minimum value
7 µm    Mean (= average)
12 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Minimum value
9 µm    Mean (= average)
25 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
7 µm    Mean (= average)
12 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Mean (= average)
10 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Mean (= average)
5 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
10 µm    Minimum value
12 µm    Mean (= average)
15 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
45 µm    Minimum value
59 µm    Mean (= average)
70 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.21     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  paraepidermal
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Mean (= average)
6 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• mantle different layers presence
  discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Minimum value
14 µm    Mean (= average)
35 µm    Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
5 µm    Minimum value
7 µm    Mean (= average)
12 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Minimum value
9 µm    Mean (= average)
25 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
7 µm    Mean (= average)
12 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Mean (= average)
10 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Mean (= average)
5 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
1.1     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Mean (= average)
5 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
• lobes width
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Mean (= average)
6 µm    Maximum value
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent
• clamps hole presence
  absent
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  rough of warts
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  hemispherical warts


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved
(type F)
• nodia presence
  present
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  absent
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
• conical young side-branches presence
  present
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent
Anatomy of nuclei
• number {per cell}
2     Mean (= average)
• shape
  round
or    oval
• diameter
0.8 µm    Minimum value
1.4 µm    Mean (= average)
2 µm    Maximum value
• distance {between each other}
0 µm    Minimum value
0.4 µm    Mean (= average)
0.8 µm    Maximum value

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  present
• reaction with anilin presence
  present
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  present
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  present
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  present
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  present
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  present
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

• substrate
  in organic layer
or    in organically enriched mineral horizon
• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Fagaceae
• plant genus
  Quercus
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Boletaceae
• subfamily
  Boletaceae subf. Xerocomoideae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-porioid

Remarks

• public notes
  Mycorrhizal systems irregularly monopodial-pyramidal sometimes almost coralloid; mycorrhizal ends lemon-yellow or whitish yellow, roots partially visible; rhizomorphs lemon-yellow to whitish yellow; tips of short mantle hyphae sometimes somewhat cystidia-like inflated; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter with distinctly whitish to light grey mantle cells, with blue-filter the same cells orange-brown or yellow-brown; mantle in guaiac with partially black-blue to violet margins, in FeSO4 grey-green to yellowish, in brillant-cresyl-blue green-blue, in cotton-blue greenish blue, in phenole-aniline inner mantle layers grey, yellow pigment bleaching, in phenole inner mantle layers grey, in aniline dark grey, in acid fuchsin dark rose to lilac, in ruthenium-red grey-brown, in safranine deeply red, orange or violet.

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