Cortinarius helvelloides (Fr.) Fr. + Alnus

– Item listing –

Literature

references
  Wiedmer E, Senn-Irlet B (2001) Cortinarius helvelloides (Fr.) Fr. + Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. Descr Ectomyc 5: 29-24.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  absent
tips {per 10 mm} number
  not applicable
ramification orders
  not applicable
abundance
  solitary or in small numbers
main axis diameter
0.35 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  infrequent
exploration type
  medium distance fringe
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
shape
  bent
or    tortuous
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
or    tapering
length
2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.35 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  white
very tip colour
  bluish
older parts colour
  ochre, yellowish brown
mantle cortical cells visibility
  unknown
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  absent
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  covered with soil particles
or    not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely cottony
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.06 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cross-section shape
  round or roundish
colour
  concolourous to mantle
or    white
ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
connection to mantle kind
  oblique
origin location
  not specific
margin habit
  hairy
dimorphism presence
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
emanating elements cystidia location
  generally present
crystals presence
  absent
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  complete
matrix presence
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  absent
hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  ca. 45° and less
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
septa clamps presence
  present
septa clamps abundance
  abundant
cell shape
  slightly inflated in middle portions [sometimes considerably]
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell diameter
4 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
cell length
  unknown
cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous [densely]
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
cell diameter
3.5 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Maximum value
cell length
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell wall thickness
  unknown
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous [densely]
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
septa thickness
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
4 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Maximum value
cell length
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  unknown
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
50 µm    Minimum value
60 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
75 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
100 µm    Maximum value
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
50 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
65 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
unlayered mantle organization
  plectenchymatous
unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
3.5 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
46 µm    Maximum value
unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
15 µm    Minimum value
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
32.6 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
1.2     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  paraepidermal
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
  unknown
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
lobes width
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
lobes septa presence
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
septal pores configuration
  globular thickenings
backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  unknown
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  present
anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
anastomoses surface habit
  smooth
anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  as thick as
or    thinner than
anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  as thick as
anastomoses location
  unknown
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  straight
or    wavy
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
kind
  acute
distance {from septum}
  one or two hyphal diam. below the septum
or    in considerable distance from the septum
side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  as thick as main part of branch

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  present
clamps surface kind
  smooth
clamps outline {in dorsal view}
  unknown
clamps width {relative to hypha in dorsal view}
  unknown
clamps outline {in lateral view}
  less than a semicircle
or    not constricted at contact point to subtending hyphal cell
clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
  thinner than
clamps hole presence
  absent
clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
presence
  absent
abundance
  abundant
distribution
  not applicable

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Maximum value
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
35 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
170 µm    Maximum value
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    with soil particles
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  not applicable
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall layers number
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  as thick as
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  unknown


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
presence
  not applicable
length
  not applicable
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)
internal nodia presence
  absent
gelatinous matrix presence
  absent
gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent
cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
conical young side-branches presence
  absent
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} presence
  unknown
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} abundance
  unknown
{in foreign ectomycorrhizae} formed in fungal genus
  unknown
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

reaction with acetic acid presence
  unknown
reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  unknown
reaction with AgNO3 presence
  unknown
reaction with anilin presence
  unknown
reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  absent
reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  unknown
reaction with FEA presence
  unknown
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
reaction with formol 40% presence
  unknown
reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
reaction with HCl presence
  unknown
reaction with KJ presence
  unknown
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
reaction with methylene blue presence
  unknown
reaction with phenole presence
  unknown
reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  unknown
reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  unknown
reaction with sudan III presence
  unknown
reaction with sudan IV presence
  unknown
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent
reaction with sulphuric acid presence
  unknown
reaction with toluidin blue presence
  unknown
reaction with trypan blue presence
  unknown
reaction with water presence
  unknown

Ecology

geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

plant family
  Betulaceae
plant genus
  Alnus
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Cortinariaceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

– Item listing –