Cortinarius obtusus Fr. + Picea

Literature

Agerer R (1987) Studies on ectomycorrhizae X. Mycorrhizae formed by Cortinarius obtusus and C. venetus on spruce. Mycologia 79(4): 524-539.
Gronbach E (1988) Charakterisierung und Identifizierung von Ektomykorrhizen in einem Fichtenbestand mit Untersuchungen zur Merkmalsvariabilität in sauer beregneten Flächen. Bibl Mycol 125: 1-217.
Gronbach E, Agerer R (1988) Cortinarius obtusus. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 12, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
4 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
	monopodial-pyramidal
or	irregularly pinnate, dichotomous-like
• ramification orders
0	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• main axis diameter
0.4 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	present
• rhizomorphs frequency
	abundant
• exploration type
	medium distance fringe

Morphology of the unramified ends

• shape
	bent
or	tortuous
• shape {of distal end}
	not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6.5 mm	Maximum value
• diameter
0.3 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
	white
• very tip colour
	white
• older parts colour
	brown
or	white
• mantle cortical cells visibility
	not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
	present
• mantle transparency
	not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
	absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
	absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	silvery
or	not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
	densely stringy
or	loosely stringy
• emanating hyphae presence
	present
• emanating hyphae abundance
	infrequent
• emanating hyphae distribution
	not specifically distributed

Morphology of rhizomorphs

• cross-section shape
	round or roundish
or	flat
• colour
	concolourous to mantle
or	white
• ramification kind-frequency
	repeatedly into smaller filaments
• connection to mantle kind
	oblique
• origin location
	not specific
or	distal
• margin habit
	smooth
or	hairy
• dimorphism presence
	absent

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

• emanating elements presence-type
	rhizomorphs
• blue granules presence
	absent

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent

Anatomical features of the mantle

• matrix presence
	absent

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• mantle type
	hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• hyphal system kind
	undifferentiated
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
	as thick as walls
• cell shape
	cylindric, constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
• cell diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
100 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
	plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell pigment location-colour
	colourless
• cell diameter
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
100 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
	without pattern
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
• cell diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
100 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip

• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
	like other parts of mantle

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm	Minimum value
20 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
20 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
	not discernable
or	discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Maximum value
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• shape
	tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• tangentially length
20 µm	Minimum value
40 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
105 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
130 µm	Maximum value
• radially diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Maximum value
• mean tangenial length TCt
53 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
67.7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
6.6	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8.8	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
30 µm	Minimum value
45 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
105 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
125 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
74.2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
84.3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
2.8	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.6	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• kind
	protruding towards endodermis
or	one or half a row of cortical cells adjoining endodermis free of Hartig net
• structure {in plan view}
	of palmetti type

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

• mantle different layers presence
	not discernible
or	discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Maximum value
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section

• presence
	present
• rows number
1	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• tangentially length
10 µm	Minimum value
25 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
55 µm	Maximum value
• radially diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Maximum value
• mean tangential length TCt
27.9 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45.7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
3.6	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.7	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	round
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
10 µm	Minimum value
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
37 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
55 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
22 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
28.6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
1.1	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.7	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
	roundish
or	cylindrical
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
9 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
	one
or	two
or	three
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	roundish
or	cylindrical
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	one

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

• intrahyphal hyphae presence
	absent
• septal pores configuration
	globular thickenings
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
	present
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
	absent
• anastomoses type
	closed by a clamp, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking (contact-clamp)
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
	as thick as
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
	as thick as
• anastomoses location
	not specified

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

• shape
	not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae

• presence
	present
• kind
	acute
• distance {from septum}
	adjacent to septum
• side-branches at septum number
	one side-branch at septum

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae

• clamps outline {in dorsal view}
	oval
• clamps width {relative to hypha in dorsal view}
	thinner than
• clamps outline {in lateral view}
	less than a semicircle
or	not constricted at contact point to subtending hyphal cell
• clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
	thinner than
• clamps hole presence
	absent
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae

• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
	slightly constricted
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
	simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2 µm	Minimum value
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
20 µm	Minimum value
60 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
130 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
	smooth
or	without lens-shaped appositions
or	without spindle-shaped appositions
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
	as thick as
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
	even in thickness

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter (type A)
• nodia presence
	absent
• internal nodia presence
	absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
	absent
• gelatinized hyphae presence
	absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
	absent
• conical young side-branches presence
	absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent

Anatomy of chlamydospores

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of haustoria

• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
	absent

Anatomy of nuclei

• number {per cell}
2	Mean (= average)
6	Maximum value
• shape
	oval
• diameter
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• distance {between each other}
0 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of siderophilous granulations

• presence
	absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
	absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
	absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
	present
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
	present

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
	absent
• reaction with anilin presence
	absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
	present
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
	present
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
	absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
	absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
	absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
	absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
	absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
	absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
	absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
	Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
	unknown

Tree

• plant family
	Pinaceae
• plant genus
	Picea
• plant habitat kind
	forests, woods

Fungus

• family
	Cortinariaceae
• subgenus-section
	Cortinarius subg. Telamonia
• fruitbodies growth habit
	pileate-lamellate

Remarks

• public notes

Mycorrhizal ends white but brownish root colour is in part visible, older parts distinctly brown due to root colour; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter bluish green, with blue-filter weakly ochre to yellowish green; mantle in brillant-cresyl-blue bright blue, after treatment with water violet-blue, cytoplasm slightly violet, in cotton-blue hyphal walls distinctly blue or greenish blue.

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