Cortinarius bibulus Quél. + Alnus

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Wiedmer E, Senn-Irlet B (2001) Cortinarius bibulus Quél. (=C. pulchellus Lge. = C. americanus Smith) + Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. Descr Ectomyc 5: 23-27.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
59 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  absent [mostly simple]
or    monopodial-pinnate [rarely, mostly simple]
• tips {per 10 mm} number
  unknown
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
  solitary or in small numbers
• main axis diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  medium distance fringe
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
• shape
  straight
or    bent
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
26 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  reddish [slightly purplish]
or    lilac, light reddish blue [slightly purplish]
• very tip colour
  reddish [slightly purplish]
or    lilac, light reddish blue [slightly purplish]
• after injury colour
  unknown
• older parts colour
  ochre, yellowish brown
or    whitish
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    covered with soil particles
or    not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely cottony
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
• emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0.01 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.12 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
• colour
  unknown
• after injury colour
  unknown
• ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
• connection to mantle kind
  oblique
• origin location
  not specific
• connection to substrate
  growing into the soil or organic layers
• margin habit
  smooth
or    hairy
• dimorphism presence
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
• emanating elements cystidia location
  not applicable
• crystals presence
  absent
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• completeness
  complete
• matrix presence
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
• hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  absent
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  unknown
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  thicker than walls
• septa clamps presence
  present
• septa clamps abundance
  abundant
and    secondary septa lacking
• cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell diameter
2.5 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
  unknown
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
and    with many soil particles
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• presence
  present
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, ring-like
or    plectenchymatous, with solitary inflated cells
or    plectenchymatous, with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
• cell diameter
2.5 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
  unknown
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous [densely, appearing almost pseudoparenchymatous]
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
• hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
• septa thickness
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  unknown
• cell diameter
4 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
  unknown
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
30 µm    Minimum value
45 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
80 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
90 µm    Maximum value
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
20 µm    Minimum value
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Maximum value
• calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
• calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer presence
  absent
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous [compactly]
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
85 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
37.1 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
1.6     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  periepidermal [rarely]
or    paraepidermal
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
or    cylindrical
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
  unknown
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
or    two
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• lobes septa presence
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  present
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  present
• anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
or    closed by a clamp, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking (contact-clamp)
• anastomoses surface habit
  smooth
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  as thick as
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  thinner
or    as thick as
• anastomoses location
  not specified
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  straight
or    wavy
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• kind
  unknown
• distance {from septum}
  unknown
• side-branches at septum number
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  unknown

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  present
• clamps surface kind
  smooth
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
• presence
  unknown

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
135 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    with soil particles
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  not applicable
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)
or    undifferentiated; margins rather smooth; hyphae compactly arranged and of uniform diameter
(type B)
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  absent
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
• conical young side-branches presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• contents presence-kind
  absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  absent
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Betulaceae
• plant genus
  Alnus

Fungus

• family
  Cortinariaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

– Item listing –