Entoloma saepium (Noullet-Dassier) Richon & Roze + Rosa

– Item listing –

Literature

references
  Agerer R, Waller K (1993) Mycorrhizae of Entoloma saepium: parasitism or symbiosis? Mycorrhiza 3(4): 145-154.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  absent
abundance
  solitary or in small numbers
main axis diameter
0.5 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  infrequent
exploration type
  medium distance smooth
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  absent
shape
  straight
shape {of distal end}
  inflated, club-shaped [drumstick-shaped]
length
1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.5 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  brownish [white to brownish grey]
or    greyish [white to brownish grey]
or    white [white to brownish grey]
very tip colour
  white
after injury colour
  unchanged
older parts colour
  unknown
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  unknown
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely woolly
or    loosely stringy
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
  unknown
cross-section shape
  unknown
colour
  whitish
after injury colour
  unchanged
ramification kind-frequency
  unknown
connection to mantle kind
  unknown
origin location
  unknown
connection to substrate
  growing into the soil or organic layers
margin habit
  densely enveloped by hyphae
dimorphism presence
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
crystals presence
  present
crystals location
  outer mantle layer
or    middle mantle layer
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  complete
matrix presence
  present
matrix location
  outer mantle layer {apart from tip}
or    middle mantle layer
or    inner mantle layer
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
matrix kind
  gelatinous
hyphal system kind
  with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  present
hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  unknown
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa
and    slightly inflated in middle portions
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
12 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall thickness
  unknown
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
and    with few soil particles
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
presence
  present
organisation
  plectenchymatous
matrix kind
  gelatinous
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
cell diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
cell length
10 µm    Minimum value
13 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell wall thickness
  unknown
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
matrix kind
  gelatinous
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
cell shape
  roundish
hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
septa thickness
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
1.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
1.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell density
32     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
37     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
  unknown
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
90 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
140 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
mantle different layers presence
  discernable

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  rectangular

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
mantle different layers presence
  discernible

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
presence
  absent


Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
presence
  absent
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  unknown
intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  absent
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  not striking
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
kind
  unknown
distance {from septum}
  unknown
side-branches at septum number
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  unknown

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.7 µm    Mean (= average)
0.7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
presence
  present
length
  unknown
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  differentiated; some hyphae very thick, which appear randomly distributed, pores of septa somtimes enlarged
(type D)
nodia presence
  absent
internal nodia presence
  absent
gelatinous matrix presence
  present
gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent
cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
conical young side-branches presence
  absent
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
contents presence-kind
  with aggregated, crystal-like, in IC strongly light reflecting contents
ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  with aggregated, crystal-like, in IC strongly light reflecting contents
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  with aggregated, crystal-like, in IC strongly light reflecting contents
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  with aggregated, crystal-like, in IC strongly light reflecting contents
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  with aggregated, crystal-like, in IC strongly light reflecting contents
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  present
{of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  occasionally present
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent
shape
  as normal hyphae
diameter
  unknown
Anatomy of nuclei
number {per cell}
2     Mean (= average)
shape
  round
diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [slightly bluish]
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [slightly yellow]
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [red]

Chemical reactions

reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  absent
reaction with anilin presence
  absent
reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present [violet]
reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
reaction with guaiac presence
  present [blue]
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent [15%]
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with phenole presence
  absent
reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  absent
reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  absent
reaction with sudan IV presence
  absent
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present [red]
reaction with toluidin blue presence
  present [outer and middle layers irregularly patchily volet, inner layers dark blue to violet, layer with root cell remnants green]

Ecology

substrate
  in organic layer
{occurence in} humus type
  moder
geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

plant family
  Rosaceae
plant genus
  Prunus
or    Rosa
plant habitat kind
  gardens, parks

Fungus

family
  Entolomataceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

– Item listing –