Entoloma saepium (Noullet-Dassier) Richon & Roze + Rosa

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Agerer R, Waller K (1993) Mycorrhizae of Entoloma saepium: parasitism or symbiosis? Mycorrhiza 3(4): 145-154.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  absent
• abundance
  solitary or in small numbers
• main axis diameter
0.5 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  infrequent
• exploration type
  medium distance smooth
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  absent
• shape
  straight
• shape {of distal end}
  inflated, club-shaped [drumstick-shaped]
• length
1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.5 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  brownish [white to brownish grey]
or    greyish [white to brownish grey]
or    white [white to brownish grey]
• very tip colour
  white
• after injury colour
  unchanged
• older parts colour
  unknown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  unknown
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely woolly
or    loosely stringy
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
• emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
  unknown
• cross-section shape
  unknown
• colour
  whitish
• after injury colour
  unchanged
• ramification kind-frequency
  unknown
• connection to mantle kind
  unknown
• origin location
  unknown
• connection to substrate
  growing into the soil or organic layers
• margin habit
  densely enveloped by hyphae
• dimorphism presence
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
• crystals presence
  present
• crystals location
  outer mantle layer
or    middle mantle layer
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• completeness
  complete
• matrix presence
  present
• matrix location
  outer mantle layer {apart from tip}
or    middle mantle layer
or    inner mantle layer
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
• matrix kind
  gelatinous
• hyphal system kind
  with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
• hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  present
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  unknown
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa
and    slightly inflated in middle portions
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
12 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
  unknown
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
and    with few soil particles
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• presence
  present
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
  gelatinous
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, with broad streaks of parallel hyphae
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
• cell diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
10 µm    Minimum value
13 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
  unknown
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• matrix kind
  gelatinous
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
• cell shape
  roundish
• hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
• septa thickness
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell diameter
1.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
1.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell density
32     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
37     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
  unknown
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
90 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
140 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
• calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  rectangular

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• mantle different layers presence
  discernible

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  absent


Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  unknown
• intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  absent
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• kind
  unknown
• distance {from septum}
  unknown
• side-branches at septum number
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  unknown

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.7 µm    Mean (= average)
0.7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• length
  unknown
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  differentiated; some hyphae very thick, which appear randomly distributed, pores of septa somtimes enlarged
(type D)
• nodia presence
  absent
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  present
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
• conical young side-branches presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• contents presence-kind
  with aggregated, crystal-like, in IC strongly light reflecting contents
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  with aggregated, crystal-like, in IC strongly light reflecting contents
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  with aggregated, crystal-like, in IC strongly light reflecting contents
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  with aggregated, crystal-like, in IC strongly light reflecting contents
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  with aggregated, crystal-like, in IC strongly light reflecting contents
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  present
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  occasionally present
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent
• shape
  as normal hyphae
• diameter
  unknown
Anatomy of nuclei
• number {per cell}
2     Mean (= average)
• shape
  round
• diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [slightly bluish]
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [slightly yellow]
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [red]

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  absent
• reaction with anilin presence
  absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present [violet]
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  present [blue]
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent [15%]
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  absent
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  absent
• reaction with sudan IV presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present [red]
• reaction with toluidin blue presence
  present [outer and middle layers irregularly patchily volet, inner layers dark blue to violet, layer with root cell remnants green]

Ecology

• substrate
  in organic layer
• {occurence in} humus type
  moder
• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Rosaceae
• plant genus
  Prunus
or    Rosa
• plant habitat kind
  gardens, parks

Fungus

• family
  Entolomataceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

– Item listing –