Fagirhiza byssoporioides + Fagus

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  di Marino E, Montecchio L, Agerer R (2008) “Fagirhiza byssoporioides” + Fagus sylvatica L. Descr Ectomyc 11/12: 37-48

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pyramidal
• tips {per 10 mm} number
2     Minimum value
5     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
14     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
18     Maximum value
• ramification orders
2     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• main axis diameter
0.5 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Mean (= average)
0.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  medium distance smooth
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
• shape
  straight
or    bent [rarely]
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.7 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2 mm    Maximum value
• diameter
0.25 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.25 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.25 mm    Mean (= average)
• very tip colour
  bluish
or    greyish
or    whitish
• after injury colour
  blue
• older parts colour
  blue [at places]
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  blue
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely woolly
or    loosely cottony
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0.02 mm    Minimum value
0.04 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.07 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 mm    Maximum value
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
• colour
  blue [at patches]
or    whitish
• ramification kind-frequency
  frequently, at restricted points
• connection to mantle kind
  distinct
• origin location
  distal
or    proximal
• margin habit
  hairy
or    woolly
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
• crystals presence
  present
• crystals location
  outer mantle layer
or    peripheral hyphae of rhizomorphs
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• completeness
  complete
• matrix presence
  present
• matrix location
  mantle surface
or    outer mantle layer {apart from tip}
or    inner mantle layer
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
and    gelatinous matrix between the hyphae (type C)
• hyphal net cells shape
  not applicable
• hyphal net cells diameter
  not applicable
• hyphal net cell walls habit
  not applicable
• hyphal net clamps presence
  not applicable
• clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
• matrix kind
  gelatinous
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
• hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  present
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  ca. 90°
and    ca. 120°
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
and    irregularly inflated or even beaded
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
and    membranaceously bluish
and    plasmatically bluish [due to bruising reaction]
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  with many crystals
• crystals presence-shape
  acicular
and    bipyramidal
and    octahedral
• crystals diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Maximum value
• crystals length
2 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
13 µm    Maximum value
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• presence
  present
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, ring-like
or    plectenchymatous, star-like
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously bluish [due to bruising reaction]
or    plasmatically bluish [due to bruising reaction]
• cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
  star-like [occasionally]
or    ring-like [occasionally]
• hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  variable [blue bruising reaction visible]
• cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
10 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
8 µm    Minimum value
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer presence
  present
• middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
8 µm    Minimum value
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  rectangular
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
10 µm    Minimum value
12 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
30 µm    Minimum value
35 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.4     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  paraepidermal
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• lobes septa presence
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  tortuous
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth

Anatomy of the crystals occouring in emanating hyphae
• presence shape
  absent

Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged
(type C)
• nodia presence
  absent
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  present
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
• conical young side-branches presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  only on central hyphae
• contents presence-kind
  absent
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  only on central hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  only on central hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  only on central hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  only on central hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [mantle and rhizomorphs bluish; margin of rhizomorphs stronger]
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [mantle and rhizomorphs slightly yellowish; margin of rhizomorphs stronger]
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [mantle and rhizomorphs slightly red]

Chemical reactions

• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present [slightly bluish]
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FEA presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  present [crystals dissolving]
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  present [deep blue colour disappearing]
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  present [deep blue pigment disappearing, crystals slowly dissolving]
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

• substrate
  in organically enriched mineral horizon
or    in mineral soil
• soil pH
  pH 5 - 6
or    pH 6 - 7
• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

• plant family
  Fagaceae
• plant genus
  Fagus
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

– Item listing –