Fagirhiza stellata + Fagus

Literature

• references
	di Marino E, Montecchio L, Agerer R (2008) “Fagirhiza stellata” + Fagus sylvatica L. Descr Ectomyc 11/12: 59-69

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
	monopodial-pyramidal
• tips {per 10 mm} number
3	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification orders
0	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
	abundant, dense
• main axis diameter
0.4 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 mm	Mean (= average)
0.4 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	present
• rhizomorphs frequency
	infrequent
• exploration type
	medium distance smooth

Morphology of the unramified ends

• mantle hydrophobicity presence
	absent [at places]
or	present
• shape
	bent
or	tortuous
• shape {of distal end}
	not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.2 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
	black
or	dark brown [dark reddish brown to blackish]
• very tip colour
	black
or	dark brown [dark reddish brown to blackish]
• older parts colour
	black
or	dark brown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
	not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
	present
• mantle transparency
	not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
	absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
	absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
	absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
	loosely cottony
• emanating hyphae presence
	absent

Morphology of rhizomorphs

• diameter
0.006 mm	Minimum value
0.015 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.025 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.035 mm	Maximum value
• cross-section shape
	round or roundish
• colour
	concolourous to mantle
or	dark brown
or	brown
• ramification kind-frequency
	frequently, at restricted points
• connection to mantle kind
	distinct
• origin location
	proximal
• connection to substrate
	growing into the soil or organic layers
• margin habit
	smooth

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

• emanating elements presence-type
	rhizomorphs
• crystals presence
	absent
• blue granules presence
	absent

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
	absent

Anatomical features of the mantle

• completeness
	complete
• matrix presence
	absent

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
	angular
• mantle type
	angular cells bearing a hyphal net (type P)
• hyphal net cells shape
	with ring- or star-like structures
• hyphal net cells diameter
1.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• hyphal net cell walls habit
	distinct, rather thick
• hyphal net clamps presence
	present
• clavate end cell cover presence
	absent
• hyphae arrangement
	not specific
and	star-like [below the stars the cells are epidermoid]
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously yellowish
and	membranaceously brownish
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent
• cell diameter
5 µm	Minimum value
7 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
4 µm	Minimum value
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Maximum value
• cell density
15	Minimum value
17	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
32	Maximum value
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth
• cell wall projections presence
	absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
	absent
• pigment granula on surface presence
	absent

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• presence
	present
• organisation
	pseudoparenchymatous
• cell shape
	polygonal
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously yellowish
or	membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
6 µm	Minimum value
15 µm	Mean (= average)
18 µm	Maximum value
• cell density
13	Minimum value
16	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
23	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
29	Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous with pseudoparenchymatous nests of cells
• hyphae arrangement
	with some considerably inflated cells
• cell shape
	polygonal
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	membranaceously yellowish
or	membranaceously brownish
• cell diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
18 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
4 µm	Minimum value
8 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
28 µm	Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
	with granular contents

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
25 µm	Minimum value
30 µm	Mean (= average)
45 µm	Maximum value
• mantle different layers presence
	not discernable
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Minimum value
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Maximum value
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	rectangular
or	tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
20 µm	Minimum value
30 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
45 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
15 µm	Minimum value
20 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
30.5 µm	Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
1.4	Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• kind
	paraepidermal
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	beaded
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2 µm	Minimum value
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
	one
• structure {in plan view}
	of palmetti type
• lobes width
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged (type C)
• nodia presence
	present
• internal nodia presence
	absent
• gelatinized hyphae presence
	absent
• hyphae distinctly different diameter
	absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
	absent
• conical young side-branches presence
	present
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
	only on central hyphae
• contents presence-kind
	filled with brownish or yellowish substances [rarely]
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
	only on central hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
	filled with brownish or yellowish substances [rarely]
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
	only on central hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
	filled with brownish or yellowish substances [rarely]
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
	only on central hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
	filled with brownish or yellowish substances [rarely]
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
	only on central hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
	filled with brownish or yellowish substances [rarely]
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of chlamydospores

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of haustoria

• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
	absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
	absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
	absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
	absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
	present [slightly whitish]
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
	present [slightly yellowish]
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
	present [slightly reddish]

Chemical reactions

• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
	absent
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
	absent
• reaction with FEA presence
	absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
	present [slightly greyish]
• reaction with guaiac presence
	absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
	absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
	present [golden colour disappearing]
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
	amyloid [slightly greenish, due to the dark colour of the mantle difficult to interpret whether amyloid or any other reaction occurring]
• amyloidity or dextrinoidity location
	mantle hyphae
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
	absent

Ecology

• substrate
	in mineral soil
• soil pH
	pH 4 - 5
or	pH 5 - 6
• geographic occurrence continent
	Europe

Tree

• plant family
	Fagaceae
• plant genus
	Fagus
• plant habitat kind
	forests, woods

Fungus

• family
	Thelephoraceae ss. Stalpers. excl. Tylospora

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