– Enlarged view – |
• references | |
Brand F (1991) Ektomykorrhizen an Fagus sylvatica. Charakterisierung und Identifizierung, ökologische Kennzeichnung und unsterile Kultivierung. Libri Botanici 2: 1-229. Brand F (1992) Lactarius acris. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 72, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd. |
• length | |
0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
6 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• ramification presence-type | |
monopodial-pyramidal | |
or | coralloid |
• tips {per 10 mm} number | |
15 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
32 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• main axis diameter | |
0.3 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
0.4 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
absent | |
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
absent | |
• rhizomorphs presence | |
present | |
• rhizomorphs frequency | |
infrequent |
• shape | |
straight | |
or | bent |
• shape {of distal end} | |
not inflated, cylindric | |
• length | |
0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
1 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• diameter | |
0.25 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
0.35 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• colour | |
white | |
• very tip colour | |
white | |
or | whitish |
• older parts colour | |
brown | |
or | red |
or | white |
• mantle cortical cells visibility | |
not visible | |
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
present | |
• mantle transparency | |
not transparent | |
• mantle laticifers visibility | |
absent | |
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence | |
present | |
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} colour-habit | |
white, reddish after some minutes | |
• mantle dots presence-colour | |
absent | |
• mantle carbonizing presence | |
absent | |
• mantle surface {in general} habit | |
silvery | |
or | smooth |
• emanating hyphae presence | |
absent |
• diameter | |
0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
0.03 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• colour | |
concolourous to mantle | |
• margin habit | |
smooth | |
• dimorphism presence | |
absent |
• presence | |
absent |
• emanating elements presence-type | |
rhizomorphs |
• presence | |
present | |
• location | |
middle mantle layer | |
or | rhizomorphs |
• shape | |
straight and even | |
• cell diameter | |
5.5 µm | Mean (= average) |
9 µm | Maximum value |
• matrix presence | |
present | |
• matrix location | |
middle mantle layer |
• organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• mantle type | |
hymeniform, stout and often slightly curved hyphal end-cells, filled with oily droplets which stain in sulpho-vanillin (type I) | |
• septa clamps presence | |
absent | |
• cell pigment location-colour | |
absent | |
• cell diameter | |
3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• cell length | |
10 µm | Mean (= average) |
• cell wall thickness | |
0.2 µm | Mean (= average) |
• cell wall surface habit | |
smooth | |
and | with few soil particles |
• drops of exuded pigment presence | |
absent |
• organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• matrix kind | |
not gelatinous | |
• hyphae arrangement | |
plectenchymatous, without pattern | |
• cell pigment location-colour | |
colourless | |
• cell diameter | |
2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• cell wall thickness | |
0.2 µm | Mean (= average) |
• cell wall surface habit | |
smooth |
• organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• hyphae arrangement | |
without pattern | |
• septa clamps presence | |
absent | |
• cell pigment location-colour | |
absent | |
• cell diameter | |
3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation | |
like other parts of mantle |
• mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
35 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
45 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
50 µm | Maximum value |
• mantle different layers presence | |
discernable | |
• outer mantle layer organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
2.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
10 µm | Mean (= average) |
• middle mantle layer organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• inner mantle layer organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• laticifers diameter | |
8 µm | Mean (= average) |
• presence | |
absent |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely | |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
23 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
41 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt) | |
8 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
22 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq) | |
0.3 | Minimum value |
0.4 | Mean (= average) |
0.6 | Maximum value |
• mantle different layers presence | |
discernible | |
• outer mantle layer organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
2.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
10 µm | Mean (= average) |
• middle mantle layer organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• inner mantle layer organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• laticifers diameter | |
8 µm | Mean (= average) |
• presence | |
absent |
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
round | |
or | radially-oval to -elliptic |
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
13 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
24 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
35 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq | |
0.5 | Minimum value |
0.8 | Mean (= average) |
1.1 | Maximum value |
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
roundish | |
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness | |
2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• lobes width | |
0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
3.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• structure {in plan view} | |
of palmetti type |
• clamps presence | |
absent |
• type | |
slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged (type C) |
|
• cup-like structures on surface presence | |
absent | |
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence | |
absent |
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
absent |
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
absent |
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
absent |
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
absent |
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
absent |
• presence | |
absent |
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence | |
present | |
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance | |
consistently present | |
• shape | |
as small racemes | |
• diameter | |
1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
2 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• number {per cell} | |
2 | Mean (= average) |
• shape | |
round | |
• diameter | |
2 µm | Mean (= average) |
• length | |
2 µm | Mean (= average) |
• distance {between each other} | |
1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence | |
absent | |
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence | |
absent | |
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence | |
present |
• substrate | |
in organically enriched mineral horizon | |
• geographic occurrence continent | |
Europe | |
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence | |
unknown |
• plant family | |
Fagaceae | |
• plant genus | |
Fagus | |
• plant habitat kind | |
forests, woods |
• family | |
Russulaceae | |
• subgenus-section | |
Lactarius sect. Plinthogali | |
• fruitbodies growth habit | |
epigeous | |
or | pileate-lamellate |
• public notes | |
Mycorrhizal ends infrequently slightly bent, light brown to red-brown with a weak whitish net where air lacking, older parts darker reddish brown; perpendicularly protruding outer mantle cells possibly could be regarded as cystidia; peripheral hyphae of rhizomorphs with thickened cell walls; in longitudinal sections Hartig net 1(-2) cortical cell layers deep, in cross-sections 1-3; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter creamy-white to bluish-white; mantle in sulfo-vanillin with latex of laticifers and hyphal ends of outer mantle layer slightly colouring dark violet, in cotton-blue cell walls blue. |