| • references | |
| Brand F (1991) Ektomykorrhizen an Fagus sylvatica. Charakterisierung und Identifizierung, ökologische Kennzeichnung und unsterile Kultivierung. Libri Botanici 2: 1-229. Pillukat A (1991) Vergleichende Untersuchungen von Russula ochroleuca und Paxillus involutus an verschiedenen Baumarten. Dipl Thesis, Univ München. Pillukat A, Agerer R (1992) Studien an Ektomykorrhizen XL. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur baumbezogenen Variabilität der Ektomykorrhizen von Russula ochroleuca. Z Mykol 58(2): 211-242. |
|
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 19 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • ramification presence-type | |
| monopodial-pinnate | |
| or | monopodial-pyramidal |
| • ramification orders | |
| 0 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • abundance | |
| abundant, dense | |
| • main axis diameter | |
| 0.2 mm | Minimum value |
| 0.3 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.4 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs presence | |
| absent | |
| or | present |
| • rhizomorphs frequency | |
| infrequent | |
| • exploration type | |
| contact | |
| • shape | |
| straight | |
| or | bent |
| or | sinuous |
| or | constricted between older and younger parts |
| • shape {of distal end} | |
| not inflated, cylindric | |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5.9 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • diameter | |
| 0.2 mm | Minimum value |
| 0.3 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.4 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • colour | |
| ochre, yellowish brown | |
| or | yellow |
| • older parts colour | |
| yellow | |
| or | green |
| or | grey |
| • mantle cortical cells visibility | |
| not visible | |
| • mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle transparency | |
| not transparent | |
| • mantle laticifers visibility | |
| absent | |
| • mantle dots presence-colour | |
| yellowish or greenish | |
| • mantle carbonizing presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle surface {in general} habit | |
| not smooth | |
| • mantle surface {in detail} kind | |
| densely grainy or warty | |
| • emanating hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • emanating hyphae abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • emanating elements presence-type | |
| rhizomorphs | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • matrix presence | |
| present | |
| • matrix location | |
| inner mantle layer | |
| • organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape | |
| angular | |
| • mantle type | |
| angular cells and mounds of flattened cells (type O) | |
| • mound cells diameter | |
| 4 µm | Minimum value |
| 7 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mound cells granular contents | |
| present | |
| • pores between cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • septa thickness {relative to cell walls} | |
| as thick as walls | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| membranaceously yellowish | |
| and | plasmatically yellowish |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| oily droplets, which do not stain in sulpho-vanillin | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 6 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 17 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 24 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell length | |
| 4 µm | Minimum value |
| 7 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 36 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell density | |
| 4 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 2.5 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell wall with globular thickenings | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • cell wall projections presence | |
| absent | |
| and | present |
| • cell wall projections abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| colourless | |
| or | membranaceously yellowish |
| • cell diameter | |
| 3.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 6 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 18 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 6 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell density | |
| 10 | Mean (= average) |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • matrix kind | |
| not gelatinous | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 1.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 5.5 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell length | |
| 7 µm | Minimum value |
| 14 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 49 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation | |
| like other parts of mantle | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 8 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density | |
| 15 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
| 30 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 70 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip} | |
| 25 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| discernable | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 2.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 24 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • middle mantle layer organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 23 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 31 µm | Maximum value |
| • middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 3.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 12.5 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • laticifers diameter | |
| 1 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 7 µm | Minimum value |
| 10 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 29 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 17 µm | Minimum value |
| 20 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 41 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 50 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt) | |
| 15.6 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq) | |
| 0.3 | Minimum value |
| 0.5 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.6 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 0.7 | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
| one | |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| discernible | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 2.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 24 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • middle mantle layer organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 23 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 31 µm | Maximum value |
| • middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 3.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 12.5 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • shape | |
| radially-oval to -elliptic | |
| or | tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| radially-oval to -elliptic | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 9 µm | Minimum value |
| 16 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 27 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 13 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 49 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 53 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt | |
| 18.9 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq | |
| 0.5 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.6 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 1.4 | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
| one | |
| • structure {in plan view} | |
| of palmetti type | |
| • intrahyphal hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • septal pores configuration | |
| dolipore-like structures | |
| • backwards-oriented clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • anastomoses type | |
| open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking | |
| • shape | |
| not striking | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| or | plasmatically yellowish |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| acute | |
| • distance {from septum} | |
| one or two hyphal diam. below the septum | |
| • side-branches at septum number | |
| one side-branch at septum | |
| • clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • clamps hole presence | |
| absent | |
| • clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape | |
| even | |
| or | with ellbow-like protrusions |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end} | |
| simple | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter | |
| 1.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length | |
| 20 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 100 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| or | without lens-shaped appositions |
| or | without spindle-shaped appositions |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness | |
| 0.3 µm | Minimum value |
| 0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall} | |
| thinner | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness | |
| even in thickness | |
| • type | |
| undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter (type A) |
|
| or | lacking, only emanating hyphae present (type G) |
| • cup-like structures on surface presence | |
| absent | |
| • ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence | |
| absent | |
| • number {per cell} | |
| 2 | Mean (= average) |
| • shape | |
| round | |
| or | oval |
| • diameter | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • length | |
| 1.5 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • distance {between each other} | |
| 0 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • substrate | |
| in organic layer | |
| or | in organically enriched mineral horizon |
| • soil pH | |
| acid reaction | |
| • geographic occurrence continent | |
| Europe | |
| • plant family | |
| Fagaceae | |
| • plant genus | |
| Fagus | |
| • plant habitat kind | |
| forests, woods | |
| • family | |
| Russulaceae | |
| • subgenus-section | |
| Russula sect. Ingratae | |
| • subsection | |
| Russula sect. Ingratae subsect. Felleinae | |
| • fruitbodies growth habit | |
| epigeous | |
| or | pileate-lamellate |
| • public notes | |
| Mycorrhizal systems infrequently monopodial-pinnate; mycorrhizal ends light-yellow to brownish yellow and partially lemon-yellow, older parts grey-olive; in cross-section 1-2(-3) cortical cell layers with Hartig net; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter with outer layers slightly greenish yellow and inner layers bluish white, with blue-filter outer layers intensely yellow and inner layers bluish white, with green-filter slightly red throughout; mantle in KOH with yellow cell-heaps becoming red- to yellow-brown. | |