|
|
– Enlarged view – |
| • references | |
| Agerer R (1988) Studies on ectomycorrhizae XVII. The ontogeny of the ectomycorrhizal rhizomorphs of Paxillus involutus and Thelephora terestris (Basidiomycetes). Nova Hedwigia 47: 311-334. Agerer R (1991) Studies on ectomycorrhizae XXXIV. Mycorrhizae of Gomphidius glutinosus and of G. roseus with some remarks on Gomphidiaceae (Basidiomycetes). Nova Hedwigia 53: 127-170. Agerer R, Weiss M (1989) Studies on ectomycorrhizae XX. Mycorrhizae formed by Thelephora terrestris on Norway spruce. Mycologia 81: 444-453. Agerer R, Weiss M (1990) Thelephora terrestris. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 48, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd. Berg B (1989) Charakterisierung und Vergleich von Ektomykorrhizen gekalkter Fichtenbestände. Diss Univ München. Ingleby K, Mason PA, Last FT, Fleming LV (1990) Identification of ectomycorrhizas. ITE Research Publication no. 5. HMSO, London. Thomas GW, Jackson RM (1979) Sheathing mycorrhizas of nursery grown Picea sitchensis. Trans Br Mycol Soc 73(1): 117-125. Thomas GW, Jackson RM (1982) Scanning electron microscopy of sheathing mycorrhizas of Sitka spruce. Trans Br Mycol Soc 79(1): 31-39. Weiss M (1988) Ektomykorrhizen von Picea abies. Synthese, Ontogenie und Reaktion auf Umweltschadstoffe. Diss Univ München. Weiss M (1990) Studien an Ektomykorrhizen XXV. Untersuchungen zur Ontogenie von Ektomykorrhizen an Picea abies. Nova Hedwigia 50(3-4): 361-393. |
|
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • ramification presence-type | |
| monopodial-pinnate | |
| or | monopodial-pyramidal |
| • ramification orders | |
| 0 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • abundance | |
| solitary or in small numbers | |
| • main axis diameter | |
| 0.3 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.7 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs presence | |
| present | |
| • rhizomorphs frequency | |
| infrequent | |
| • exploration type | |
| medium distance smooth | |
| • shape | |
| straight | |
| or | bent |
| • shape {of distal end} | |
| not inflated, cylindric | |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5.3 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 8 mm | Maximum value |
| • diameter | |
| 0.25 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.45 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • colour | |
| brown | |
| or | orange |
| or | grey |
| • very tip colour | |
| brownish | |
| or | yellowish |
| or | white |
| or | whitish |
| • older parts colour | |
| brown | |
| • mantle cortical cells visibility | |
| not visible | |
| • mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle transparency | |
| not transparent | |
| • mantle laticifers visibility | |
| absent | |
| • mantle dots presence-colour | |
| absent | |
| • mantle carbonizing presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle surface {in general} habit | |
| shiny | |
| or | smooth |
| or | not smooth |
| • mantle surface {in detail} kind | |
| densely short-spiny | |
| or | loosely short-spiny |
| • emanating hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • emanating hyphae abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • diameter | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.15 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cross-section shape | |
| round or roundish | |
| • colour | |
| brown | |
| or | brownish |
| or | white |
| • ramification kind-frequency | |
| frequently, at restricted points | |
| • connection to mantle kind | |
| distinct | |
| • origin location | |
| proximal | |
| • margin habit | |
| hairy | |
| • dimorphism presence | |
| present | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • emanating elements presence-type | |
| rhizomorphs | |
| or | cystidia |
| • emanating elements cystidia location | |
| on outer mantle layer | |
| or | on rhizomorphs |
| • blue granules presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • matrix presence | |
| present | |
| • matrix location | |
| outer mantle layer {apart from tip} | |
| or | outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} |
| or | middle mantle layer |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • mantle type | |
| hyphae arranged net-like, with prominent cystidia (type D) | |
| • matrix kind | |
| not gelatinous | |
| • septa thickness {relative to cell walls} | |
| as thick as walls | |
| • cell shape | |
| cylindric, constricted at septa | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 8 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell length | |
| 10 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 110 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| or | pseudoparenchymatous |
| • matrix kind | |
| not gelatinous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| plectenchymatous, without pattern | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| colourless | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 3 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 9 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| without pattern | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| present | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell length | |
| 3 µm | Minimum value |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 80 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} matrix kind | |
| not gelatinous | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter | |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 8 µm | Maximum value |
| • mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
| 15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 32 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 40 µm | Maximum value |
| • mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip} | |
| 15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Maximum value |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| not discernable | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length | |
| 1 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 15 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Maximum value |
| • unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter | |
| 1 µm | Minimum value |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 8 µm | Maximum value |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • rows number | |
| 1 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 3 | Maximum value |
| • shape | |
| tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis | |
| • tangentially length | |
| 25 µm | Minimum value |
| 45 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 120 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 180 µm | Maximum value |
| • radially diameter | |
| 5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 27 µm | Maximum value |
| • mean tangenial length TCt | |
| 63.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 70.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mean shape-ratio TCq | |
| 4.1 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 8.6 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 20 µm | Minimum value |
| 40 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 90 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 105 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 8 µm | Minimum value |
| 12 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 32 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt) | |
| 65 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 68.3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq) | |
| 3 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3.7 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| protruding towards endodermis | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 8 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number | |
| one | |
| or | two |
| or | three |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
| one | |
| • structure {in plan view} | |
| of palmetti type | |
| • lobes width | |
| 1 µm | Minimum value |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Maximum value |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| not discernible | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 16 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Maximum value |
| • unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter | |
| 1 µm | Minimum value |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • shape | |
| tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic | |
| • tangentially length | |
| 18 µm | Minimum value |
| 25 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 45 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 60 µm | Maximum value |
| • radially diameter | |
| 5 µm | Minimum value |
| 11 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 27 µm | Maximum value |
| • mean tangential length TCt | |
| 30.6 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 40.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mean shape-ratio TCq | |
| 2.6 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3.8 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| round | |
| or | tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 12 µm | Minimum value |
| 15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 35 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 8 µm | Minimum value |
| 12 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 32 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt | |
| 23.1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 24.3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq | |
| 1 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.4 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| protruding towards endodermis | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape | |
| roundish | |
| or | cylindrical |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number | |
| one | |
| or | two |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| roundish | |
| or | cylindrical |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
| one | |
| • intrahyphal hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • septal pores configuration | |
| globular thickenings | |
| • backwards-oriented ramifications presence | |
| present | |
| • backwards-oriented clamps presence | |
| present | |
| • anastomoses type | |
| open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking | |
| • anastomoses location | |
| not specified | |
| • type | |
| awl-shaped, bristle-like (type A) | |
| or | globular (type G) |
| • ramification presence-position | |
| absent | |
| • septa presence | |
| present | |
| • septa kind | |
| simple | |
| • diameter {proximal} | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 2.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 4.5 µm | Maximum value |
| • diameter {distal} | |
| 1.5 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • length | |
| 40 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 180 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 1 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells} | |
| thicker | |
| • cell wall evenness | |
| even in thickness | |
| • surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • contents presence | |
| absent | |
| • contents type | |
| absent | |
| • shape | |
| wavy | |
| or | not striking |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| or | membranaceously brownish |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| acute | |
| • distance {from septum} | |
| adjacent to septum | |
| or | one or two hyphal diam. below the septum |
| • clamps presence | |
| present | |
| • clamps outline {in lateral view} | |
| less than a semicircle | |
| or | not constricted at contact point to subtending hyphal cell |
| • clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view} | |
| thinner than | |
| • clamps hole presence | |
| absent | |
| • clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • distribution | |
| not specified | |
| • type | |
| slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged (type C) |
|
| • internal nodia presence | |
| absent | |
| • gelatinous matrix presence | |
| absent | |
| • gelatinized hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • contents presence-kind | |
| filled with brownish or yellowish substances | |
| • ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| filled with brownish or yellowish substances | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| filled with brownish or yellowish substances | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| filled with brownish or yellowish substances | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| filled with brownish or yellowish substances | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence | |
| absent | |
| or | present |
| • {of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance | |
| occasionally present | |
| • {in foreign ectomycorrhizae} presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of foreign origin} presence | |
| absent | |
| • shape | |
| globular | |
| • number {per cell} | |
| 2 | Mean (= average) |
| • shape | |
| round | |
| or | oval |
| • diameter | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • length | |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • distance {between each other} | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • frequency | |
| in few cells | |
| • arrangement | |
| solitary | |
| or | very dense |
| • diameter | |
| 0 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.2 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 0.5 µm | Maximum value |
| • reaction with acid fuchsin presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with anilin presence | |
| absent | |
| or | present |
| • reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence | |
| present | |
| • reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence | |
| absent | |
| or | present |
| • reaction with ethanol 70% presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with FeSO4 presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with formol 40% presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with guaiac presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with KOH 10% presence | |
| absent | |
| or | present |
| • reaction with lactic acid presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with Melzer's reagent presence | |
| amyloid | |
| • amyloidity or dextrinoidity location | |
| patches of hyphal walls | |
| or | septa, globular thickenings of septa |
| • reaction with phenole presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with phenole-aniline presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with ruthenium-red presence | |
| absent | |
| or | present |
| • reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence | |
| absent | |
| or | present |
| • geographic occurrence continent | |
| Europe | |
| or | North America |
| • knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence | |
| unknown | |
| • plant family | |
| Pinaceae | |
| • plant genus | |
| Picea | |
| • plant habitat kind | |
| nursery | |
| or | forests, woods |
| • family | |
| Thelephoraceae ss. Stalpers. excl. Tylospora | |
| • fruitbodies growth habit | |
| epigeous | |
| or | stereoid |
| • public notes | |
| Mycorrhizal systems irregularly monopodial-pinnate to monopodial- pyramidal; mycorrhizal ends sometimes slightly bent, beige or orange-brown to brown or grey-brown, very tips white or light-brown to yellowish, older ones smooth; young rhizomorphs white; outer mantle layers in plan view with amorphous matrix (Thomas & Jacksosn 1982); middle mantle layers in plan view plectenchymatous to almost pseudoparenchymatous; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter whitish bluish or bluish green, with blue-filter yellow or slightly orange, with green-filter red; mantle in sulfo-vanillin with slightly reddish cell-walls, in KOH slightly brown, in brillant-cresyl-blue cell walls slightly blue, after treatment with water violet-blue, in cotton-blue slightly blue, in anilin pink, in ruthenium-red slightly red. | |