Genea verrucosa Vitt. + Quercus

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Jakucs E, Bratek Z, Agerer R (1998) Genea verrucosa Vitt. + Quercus spec. Descr Ectomyc 3: 19-23.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 mm    Maximum value
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
or    monopodial-pyramidal
• tips {per 10 mm} number
  unknown
• ramification orders
  unknown
• abundance
  unknown
• main axis diameter
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
• rhizomorphs presence
  absent
• exploration type
  short distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  unknown
• shape
  straight
or    bent [slightly]
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0.4 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  brown
or    ochre, yellowish brown
• very tip colour
  dark brown
• older parts colour
  dark brown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  shiny
or    not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely woolly
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  unknown
• emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  emanating hyphae
• emanating elements cystidia location
  not applicable
• crystals presence
  absent
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• completeness
  complete
• matrix presence
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• organisation {if pseudoparenchymatous} cell shape
  angular
• mantle type
  angular cells, bearing mounds of roundish cells (type K)
• mound cells shape
  globose
• mound cells diameter
  unknown
• mound cells length
  unknown
• mound cells cell wall thickness
  unknown
• mound cells cell wall kind
  unknown
• mound cells granular contents
  absent
• hyphae arrangement
  not specific
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  unknown
• pores between cells presence
  present
• pores between cells abundance
  unknown
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
and    membranaceously brownish
• cell contents presence-kind
  colourless granula [in some cells]
• cell diameter
5 µm    Minimum value
7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
5 µm    Minimum value
7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Maximum value
• cell density
8     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall with globular thickenings
  absent
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth [very thick outermost cell wall]
• cell wall projections presence
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• matrix kind
  not applicable
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell shape
  polygonal
or    epidermoid
• cell pigment location-colour
  epimembranaceously brownish
or    epimembranaceously yellowish
• cell diameter
  unknown
• cell length
  unknown
• cell density
9     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
13     Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
  unknown
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
or    pseudoparenchymatous [transitional type]
• matrix kind
  not applicable
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
• septa thickness
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  epimembranaceously yellowish
• cell diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
  unknown [smaller and more homogeneous in size, forming a more regular pattern]
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
32 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
28 µm    Maximum value
• calyptra cell remnants presence
  present
• calyptra cell remnants type
  close to root cells
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
  unknown
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
  unknown
• middle mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
  unknown
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
  unknown
• inner mantle layer organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
  unknown
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
  unknown

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
52 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
10.2 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.25     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  paraepidermal
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Maximum value
• lobes septa presence
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  present
• intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  absent
• septal pores configuration
  enlarged appearance
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  unknown
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
• anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
• anastomoses surface habit
  unknown
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  unknown
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  unknown
• anastomoses location
  not specified
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  wavy
or    not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously brownish
or    membranaceously yellowish
• pigment presence-distribution
  only proximal
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• kind
  approximately 90°
or    Y-shaped
• distance {from septum}
  one or two hyphal diam. below the septum
• side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  unknown

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
or    ramified
or    inflated
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
25 µm    Minimum value
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
52 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  rough of warts
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  hemispherical warts
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
  Maximum value
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall layers number
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  as thick as
or    moderately thicker
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  unknown


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• length
0.6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  lacking, only emanating hyphae present
(type G)
• hyphae distinctly different diameter
  not applicable

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• contents presence-kind
  not applicable
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  not applicable
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  not applicable
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  not applicable
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  not applicable
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {in foreign ectomycorrhizae} presence
  unknown
• {in foreign ectomycorrhizae} abundance
  unknown
• {in foreign ectomycorrhizae} formed in fungal genus
  unknown
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [light blue with distinct patches]
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [orange-yellow]
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [red]

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acetic acid presence
  unknown
• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  unknown
• reaction with AgNO3 presence
  present [cell walls dark brown]
• reaction with anilin presence
  unknown
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  absent
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  unknown
• reaction with FEA presence
  unknown
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  unknown
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with HCl presence
  unknown
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with methylene blue presence
  unknown
• reaction with phenole presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  unknown
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  unknown
• reaction with sudan III presence
  unknown
• reaction with sudan IV presence
  unknown
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent [hyphae darker brown]
• reaction with sulphuric acid presence
  unknown
• reaction with toluidin blue presence
  unknown
• reaction with trypan blue presence
  unknown
• reaction with water presence
  unknown

Ecology

• substrate
  unknown
• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

• plant family
  Fagaceae
• plant genus
  Quercus
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Geneaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  hypogeous
or    gastroid

– Item listing –