Clavariadelphus pistillaris (L.) Donk + Fagus

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Iosifidou P, Raidl S (2006) Clavariadelphus pistillaris (L.) Donk + Fagus sylvatica L. Descr Ectomyc 9/10: 21-25.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
1.5 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate [irregularly]
or    monopodial-pyramidal [irregularly]
• tips {per 10 mm} number
  unknown
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
  nest-like, hyphal mats
• main axis diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  present
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  medium distance mat
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
• shape
  straight
or    bent [slightly]
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  white
• very tip colour
  brownish [due to root colour]
or    whitish
• after injury colour
  unchanged
• older parts colour
  unknown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely cottony
or    loosely cottony
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
• emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0.01 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Maximum value
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
• colour
  white
• after injury colour
  unchanged
• ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
• connection to mantle kind
  unknown
• origin location
  unknown
• connection to substrate
  growing into the soil or organic layers
• margin habit
  hairy
• dimorphism presence
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
or    cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
or    on rhizomorphs
• crystals presence
  present [after dehydration in organic solvents; otherwise droplets]
• crystals location
  outer mantle layer
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• completeness
  complete
• matrix presence
  unknown
• matrix location
  unknown
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• matrix kind
  unknown
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
• hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  absent
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  unknown
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  present
• septa clamps abundance
  abundant
• cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
and    cylindric, constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
and    membranaceously yellowish
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
  variable
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  rough
• crystals diameter
  unknown
• crystals length
  unknown
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• presence
  present
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
  unknown
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
or    membranaceously yellowish
• cell diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
  unknown
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• crystals diameter
  not applicable
• crystals length
  not applicable
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous [densely]
or    pseudoparenchymatous [to somewhat]
• matrix kind
  unknown
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
• septa thickness
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    membranaceously yellowish
• cell diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
  unknown
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
  unknown
• calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
• calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
• mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
• unlayered mantle organization
  plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  protruding towards endodermis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
or    two [exceptional three]
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• lobes septa presence
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  unknown
• intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  unknown
• septal pores configuration
  unknown
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  unknown
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  unknown
• anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
• anastomoses surface habit
  unknown
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  unknown
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  unknown
• anastomoses location
  unknown
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
• type
  as acanthocystidia (type P)
• acanthocystidia side-branches length
  unknown
• acanthocystidia side-branches diam
  unknown
• septa presence
  absent
• diameter {proximal}
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter {distal}
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
110 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
  similar in thickness
• cell wall evenness
  even in thickness
• surface habit
  warty [granular droplets]
• contents presence
  present
• contents type
  finely granular

Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    epimembranaceously yellowish [slightly]
• cell contents presence-kind
  homogeneous, brownish
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  present
• clamps surface kind
  unknown
• clamps outline {in dorsal view}
  unknown
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  rough of warts
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  hemispherical warts
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged
(type C)
• nodia presence
  absent
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  unknown
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
• conical young side-branches presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• ampullate inflations thickness
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  on central and peripheral hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  absent
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  absent
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with anilin presence
  absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  absent
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present [hyphal cytoplasm weakly bluish, destains in water, acanthohyphae/-cystidia darker blue]
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  present [bluish green to dull green]
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent [15%]
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present [slightly patchily pinkish]
• reaction with toluidin blue presence
  absent

Ecology

• substrate
  in mineral soil
• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Fagaceae
• plant genus
  Fagus
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Gomphaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    clavarioid

– Item listing –