Ramaria flavo-saponarea R. H. Petersen + Fagus

– Item listing –

Literature

references
  Scattolin L, Raidl S (2006) Ramaria flavo-saponarea R. H. Petersen + Fagus sylvatica L. Descr Ectomyc 9/10: 135-141.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate [irregularly]
or    monopodial-pyramidal [irregularly]
tips {per 10 mm} number
  unknown
ramification orders
  unknown
abundance
  nest-like, hyphal mats
main axis diameter
0.25 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.35 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  present
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
exploration type
  medium distance mat
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
shape
  straight
or    bent [slightly]
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  white
very tip colour
  brownish
or    yellowish
after injury colour
  unchanged
older parts colour
  unknown
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  unknown
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely cottony
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0.1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cross-section shape
  unknown
colour
  white
after injury colour
  unknown
ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
connection to mantle kind
  unknown
origin location
  unknown
connection to substrate
  growing into the soil or organic layers
margin habit
  hairy
or    fan-like
dimorphism presence
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
or    cystidia
emanating elements cystidia location
  generally present
or    on outer mantle layer
or    on rhizomorphs
crystals presence
  absent
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  complete
matrix presence
  present
matrix location
  outer mantle layer {apart from tip}
or    middle mantle layer
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
and    gelatinous matrix between the hyphae (type C)
clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
matrix kind
  gelatinous [occasionally with portions of yellow gelatinous matrix]
hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  unknown
hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  ca. 120°
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  present
septa clamps abundance
  abundant
cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa [slightly]
and    ampullate at one side of septum [infrequently]
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
and    membranaceously yellowish [slightly]
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell diameter
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Maximum value
cell length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
110 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  with globular to lens-shaped appositions
and    with few soil particles
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
presence
  present
organisation
  plectenchymatous [densely]
matrix kind
  gelatinous [at some places]
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
or    membranaceously yellowish [slightly]
cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
matrix kind
  unknown
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
septa thickness
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    membranaceously yellowish [slightly]
cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
  variable
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
  unknown
calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
mantle different layers presence
  discernable
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Maximum value
middle mantle layer presence
  absent
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  unknown
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
or    two
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
lobes width
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
lobes septa presence
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  unknown
intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  unknown
septal pores configuration
  globular thickenings
backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  unknown
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  unknown
anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
type
  as acanthocystidia (type P)
acanthocystidia side-branches length
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
acanthocystidia side-branches diam
  unknown
septa presence
  absent
diameter {proximal}
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
diameter {distal}
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
length
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
110 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall thickness
  unknown
cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
  unknown
cell wall evenness
  unknown
surface habit
  smooth
contents presence
  present
contents type
  finely granular
or    homogeneous

Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  not striking
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    membranaceously yellowish [slightly]
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  present
clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  tortuous, screw-like
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall layers number
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  unknown


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
presence
  absent
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged
(type C)
nodia presence
  absent
internal nodia presence
  absent
gelatinous matrix presence
  present [older ones covered by an almost complete layer of yellowish matrix]
gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent
cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
conical young side-branches presence
  absent
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
contents presence-kind
  absent
ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  absent
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  absent
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present [hyphae blkuish, cystidia darker blue]
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with FEA presence
  absent
reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
reaction with guaiac presence
  present [slightly bluish grey]
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent [15%]
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
reaction with phenole presence
  absent
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

plant family
  Fagaceae
plant genus
  Fagus
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

fruitbodies growth habit
  clavarioid

– Item listing –