Ramaria flavo-saponarea R. H. Petersen + Fagus

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Scattolin L, Raidl S (2006) Ramaria flavo-saponarea R. H. Petersen + Fagus sylvatica L. Descr Ectomyc 9/10: 135-141.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate [irregularly]
or    monopodial-pyramidal [irregularly]
• tips {per 10 mm} number
  unknown
• ramification orders
  unknown
• abundance
  nest-like, hyphal mats
• main axis diameter
0.25 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.35 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  present
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  medium distance mat
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
• shape
  straight
or    bent [slightly]
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.2 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  white
• very tip colour
  brownish
or    yellowish
• after injury colour
  unchanged
• older parts colour
  unknown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  unknown
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely cottony
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
• emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0.1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
  unknown
• colour
  white
• after injury colour
  unknown
• ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
• connection to mantle kind
  unknown
• origin location
  unknown
• connection to substrate
  growing into the soil or organic layers
• margin habit
  hairy
or    fan-like
• dimorphism presence
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
or    cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
  generally present
or    on outer mantle layer
or    on rhizomorphs
• crystals presence
  absent
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• completeness
  complete
• matrix presence
  present
• matrix location
  outer mantle layer {apart from tip}
or    middle mantle layer
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
and    gelatinous matrix between the hyphae (type C)
• clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
• matrix kind
  gelatinous [occasionally with portions of yellow gelatinous matrix]
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
• hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  unknown
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  ca. 120°
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  present
• septa clamps abundance
  abundant
• cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa [slightly]
and    ampullate at one side of septum [infrequently]
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
and    membranaceously yellowish [slightly]
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell diameter
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
110 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  with globular to lens-shaped appositions
and    with few soil particles
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• presence
  present
• organisation
  plectenchymatous [densely]
• matrix kind
  gelatinous [at some places]
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
or    membranaceously yellowish [slightly]
• cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
  unknown
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
• hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
• septa thickness
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    membranaceously yellowish [slightly]
• cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
  variable
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
  unknown
• calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
• calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer presence
  absent
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  unknown
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
or    two
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• lobes septa presence
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  unknown
• intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  unknown
• septal pores configuration
  globular thickenings
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  unknown
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  unknown
• anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
• type
  as acanthocystidia (type P)
• acanthocystidia side-branches length
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• acanthocystidia side-branches diam
  unknown
• septa presence
  absent
• diameter {proximal}
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
• diameter {distal}
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Maximum value
• length
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
110 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
  unknown
• cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
  unknown
• cell wall evenness
  unknown
• surface habit
  smooth
• contents presence
  present
• contents type
  finely granular
or    homogeneous

Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    membranaceously yellowish [slightly]
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  present
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  tortuous, screw-like
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall layers number
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  unknown


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged
(type C)
• nodia presence
  absent
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  present [older ones covered by an almost complete layer of yellowish matrix]
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
• conical young side-branches presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• contents presence-kind
  absent
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  absent
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  absent
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present [hyphae blkuish, cystidia darker blue]
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FEA presence
  absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  present [slightly bluish grey]
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent [15%]
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Fagaceae
• plant genus
  Fagus
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• fruitbodies growth habit
  clavarioid

– Item listing –