Geastrum fimbriatum Fr. + Fagus

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Agerer R, Beenken L (1998) Geastrum fimbriatum Fr. + Fagus sylvatica L. Descr Ectomyc 3: 13-18.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
• tips {per 10 mm} number
18     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
  nest-like, hyphal mats
• main axis diameter
0.15 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  infrequent
• exploration type
  medium distance mat
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
• shape
  bent
or    sinuous
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.15 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  yellowish
or    white
• very tip colour
  brown
or    brownish
or    whitish
• after injury colour
  unchanged
• older parts colour
  dark brown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  visible [when older]
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  absent
or    present
• mantle transparency
  semi-transparent, opaque
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely woolly
or    densely stringy
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
• emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0.01 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.08 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
or    flat
or    flat fans
• colour
  yellowish
or    white
• after injury colour
  unchanged
• ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
• connection to mantle kind
  oblique
• origin location
  not specific
• connection to substrate
  unknown
• margin habit
  hairy
or    fan-like
• dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
or    cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
• crystals presence
  present
• crystals location
  peripheral hyphae of rhizomorphs [close to fruitbodies]
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• completeness
  complete
• matrix presence
  present
• matrix location
  middle mantle layer
or    inner mantle layer
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
• matrix kind
  not applicable
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
• hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  absent
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  unknown
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  thinner than walls
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
  unknown
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
and    with few soil particles
• crystals presence-shape
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• presence
  present
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
  gelatinous
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
• cell diameter
1 µm    Minimum value
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
  unknown
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
  gelatinous
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
• hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
• septa thickness
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
• cell diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
  unknown
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
  unknown
• calyptra cell remnants presence
  present
• calyptra cell remnants type
  in several rows
or    close to root cells
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer presence
  absent
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
• septal pores configuration
  unknown
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  unknown
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
• type
  as acanthocystidia (type P)
• acanthocystidia side-branches length
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• acanthocystidia side-branches diam
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• septa presence
  absent
• diameter {proximal}
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter {distal}
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
  thinner
• cell wall evenness
  even in thickness
• surface habit
  smooth
• contents presence
  present
• contents type
  finely granular

Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  wavy
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  absent [mostly completely unramified]
or    present [mostly completely unramified]
• kind
  approximately 90°
or    Y-shaped
• distance {from septum}
  unknown
• side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  unknown

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  even
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
0.5 µm    Minimum value
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Minimum value
0.3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall layers number
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness

Anatomy of the crystals occouring in emanating hyphae
• presence shape
  absent

Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged
(type C)
• nodia presence
  absent
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  absent
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• hyphae distinctly different diameter
  present
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
• conical young side-branches presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• contents presence-kind
  absent
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  present
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent
• shape
  as lignituber-like structures

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [bluish green]
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [yellowish green]
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [reddish]

Chemical reactions

• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present [thicker hyphal walls slightly bluish]
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present [thicker hyphal walls bluish]
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent [15%]
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  dextrinoid
• amyloidity or dextrinoidity location
  emanating hyphae
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Fagaceae
• plant genus
  Fagus
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Geastraceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    gastroid

DNA-Analysis

• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bands number
2     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 1. band from below number
440     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 2. band from below number
210     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bands number
4     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 1. band from below number
220     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 2. band from below number
200     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 3. band from below number
145     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 4. band from below number
85     Mean (= average)

Remarks

• public notes
  EcoRI: 360 bp, 290 bp; TaqI:170 bp, 145 bp, 130 bp, 82 bp, 67 bp, 58 bp

– Item listing –