Geastrum fimbriatum Fr. + Fagus

– Item listing –

Literature

references
  Agerer R, Beenken L (1998) Geastrum fimbriatum Fr. + Fagus sylvatica L. Descr Ectomyc 3: 13-18.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
tips {per 10 mm} number
18     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
abundance
  nest-like, hyphal mats
main axis diameter
0.15 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  infrequent
exploration type
  medium distance mat
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
shape
  bent
or    sinuous
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.15 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  yellowish
or    white
very tip colour
  brown
or    brownish
or    whitish
after injury colour
  unchanged
older parts colour
  dark brown
mantle cortical cells visibility
  visible [when older]
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  absent
or    present
mantle transparency
  semi-transparent, opaque
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely woolly
or    densely stringy
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0.01 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.08 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cross-section shape
  round or roundish
or    flat
or    flat fans
colour
  yellowish
or    white
after injury colour
  unchanged
ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
connection to mantle kind
  oblique
origin location
  not specific
connection to substrate
  unknown
margin habit
  hairy
or    fan-like
dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
or    cystidia
emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
crystals presence
  present
crystals location
  peripheral hyphae of rhizomorphs [close to fruitbodies]
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  complete
matrix presence
  present
matrix location
  middle mantle layer
or    inner mantle layer
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
clavate end cell cover presence
  absent
matrix kind
  not applicable
hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  absent
hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  unknown
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  thinner than walls
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
  unknown
cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
and    with few soil particles
crystals presence-shape
  absent
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
presence
  present
organisation
  plectenchymatous
matrix kind
  gelatinous
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
cell diameter
1 µm    Minimum value
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous
matrix kind
  gelatinous
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
septa thickness
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
cell diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
  unknown
calyptra cell remnants presence
  present
calyptra cell remnants type
  in several rows
or    close to root cells
mantle different layers presence
  discernable
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Maximum value
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
middle mantle layer presence
  absent
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
septal pores configuration
  unknown
backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  unknown
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
type
  as acanthocystidia (type P)
acanthocystidia side-branches length
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
acanthocystidia side-branches diam
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
septa presence
  absent
diameter {proximal}
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter {distal}
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
  thinner
cell wall evenness
  even in thickness
surface habit
  smooth
contents presence
  present
contents type
  finely granular

Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  wavy
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  absent [mostly completely unramified]
or    present [mostly completely unramified]
kind
  approximately 90°
or    Y-shaped
distance {from septum}
  unknown
side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  unknown

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  even
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
0.5 µm    Minimum value
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Minimum value
0.3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall layers number
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness

Anatomy of the crystals occouring in emanating hyphae
presence shape
  absent

Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged
(type C)
nodia presence
  absent
internal nodia presence
  absent
gelatinous matrix presence
  absent
gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
hyphae distinctly different diameter
  present
cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
conical young side-branches presence
  absent
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
contents presence-kind
  absent
ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
4 µm    Minimum value
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  present
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent
shape
  as lignituber-like structures

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [bluish green]
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [yellowish green]
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [reddish]

Chemical reactions

reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present [thicker hyphal walls slightly bluish]
reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present [thicker hyphal walls bluish]
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent [15%]
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  dextrinoid
amyloidity or dextrinoidity location
  emanating hyphae
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

plant family
  Fagaceae
plant genus
  Fagus
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Geastraceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    gastroid

DNA-Analysis

PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bands number
2     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 1. band from below number
440     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 2. band from below number
210     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bands number
4     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 1. band from below number
220     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 2. band from below number
200     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 3. band from below number
145     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 4. band from below number
85     Mean (= average)

Remarks

public notes
  EcoRI: 360 bp, 290 bp; TaqI:170 bp, 145 bp, 130 bp, 82 bp, 67 bp, 58 bp

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