|
|
– Enlarged view – |
| • references | |
| Berg B, (1989) Charakterisierung und Vergleich von Ektomykorrhizen gekalkter Fichtenbestände. Diss Univ München. Gronbach E (1988) Charakterisierung und Identifizierung von Ektomykorrhizen in einem Fichtenbestand mit Untersuchungen zur Merkmalsvariabilität in sauer beregneten Flächen. Bibliotheca Mycologica 125:1-217. Gronbach E (1989) Hygrophorus pustulatus. In Agerer R (ed) Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae, plate 26, Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd |
|
| • length | |
| 2.5 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 20 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • ramification presence-type | |
| monopodial-pyramidal | |
| • ramification orders | |
| 0 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • main axis diameter | |
| 0.3 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.1 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs presence | |
| present | |
| • rhizomorphs frequency | |
| infrequent | |
| • exploration type | |
| medium distance smooth | |
| • shape | |
| straight | |
| or | bent |
| or | sinuous |
| • shape {of distal end} | |
| not inflated, cylindric | |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • diameter | |
| 0.2 mm | Minimum value |
| 0.3 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.8 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • colour | |
| ochre, yellowish brown | |
| • very tip colour | |
| yellowish | |
| or | whitish |
| • older parts colour | |
| dark brown | |
| or | brown |
| • mantle cortical cells visibility | |
| not visible | |
| or | visible |
| • mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle transparency | |
| not transparent | |
| • mantle laticifers visibility | |
| absent | |
| • mantle dots presence-colour | |
| absent | |
| • mantle carbonizing presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle surface {in general} habit | |
| silvery | |
| or | smooth |
| • diameter | |
| 0.02 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.15 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cross-section shape | |
| round or roundish | |
| • colour | |
| concolourous to mantle | |
| • ramification kind-frequency | |
| infrequently, at restricted points | |
| • connection to mantle kind | |
| distinct | |
| • origin location | |
| proximal | |
| • margin habit | |
| smooth | |
| • dimorphism presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • emanating elements presence-type | |
| rhizomorphs | |
| • blue granules presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| and | pseudoparenchymatous |
| • mantle type | |
| epidermoid cells bearing a hyphal net (type Q) | |
| • hyphal net cells shape | |
| aculeate, acuminated horn-shaped | |
| and | triangular with obtuse ends |
| • hyphal net cells diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • hyphal net cell walls habit | |
| faint, delicate, inconspicuous, rather thin | |
| and | distinct, rather thick |
| • pores between cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • septa thickness {relative to cell walls} | |
| as thick as walls | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 3 µm | Minimum value |
| 8 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 14 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 24 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell length | |
| 3 µm | Minimum value |
| 15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell density | |
| 3 | Minimum value |
| 6 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 8 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 10 | Maximum value |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.2 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • cell wall projections presence | |
| present | |
| • cell wall projections abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • cell wall projections shape | |
| thicker at distal end | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| or | pseudoparenchymatous |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| plectenchymatous, without pattern | |
| or | plectenchymatous, ring-like |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| colourless | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell length | |
| 30 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 200 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| without pattern | |
| or | ring-like |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| present | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell length | |
| 10 µm | Minimum value |
| 30 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 50 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 200 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation | |
| like other parts of mantle | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density | |
| 15 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 18 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
| 13 µm | Minimum value |
| 20 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 32 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 60 µm | Maximum value |
| • mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip} | |
| 20 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 35 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| discernable | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 18 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 23 µm | Maximum value |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 8 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Maximum value |
| • middle mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 15 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • shape | |
| tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis | |
| • tangentially length | |
| 35 µm | Minimum value |
| 50 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 130 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 145 µm | Maximum value |
| • radially diameter | |
| 7 µm | Minimum value |
| 10 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Maximum value |
| • mean tangenial length TCt | |
| 90.3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 96.2 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mean shape-ratio TCq | |
| 5.4 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5.9 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 40 µm | Minimum value |
| 60 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 120 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 130 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 10 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt) | |
| 70.3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 95.9 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq) | |
| 3.3 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| protruding towards endodermis | |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| discernible | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 7 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 12 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 35 µm | Maximum value |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 1 µm | Minimum value |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 8 µm | Maximum value |
| • middle mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Maximum value |
| • middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 1 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Maximum value |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • rows number | |
| 2 | Mean (= average) |
| 3 | Maximum value |
| • shape | |
| tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic | |
| • tangentially length | |
| 15 µm | Minimum value |
| 20 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 45 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 55 µm | Maximum value |
| • radially diameter | |
| 7 µm | Minimum value |
| 10 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Maximum value |
| • mean tangential length TCt | |
| 32.2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 36.8 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mean shape-ratio TCq | |
| 2.2 | Mean (= average) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 35 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 45 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 10 µm | Minimum value |
| 18 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt | |
| 24.3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 28.3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq | |
| 1.3 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.4 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| protruding towards endodermis | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape | |
| roundish | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 10 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 13 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number | |
| one | |
| or | two |
| or | three |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| roundish | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
| one | |
| • intrahyphal hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • septal pores configuration | |
| globular thickenings | |
| • backwards-oriented clamps presence | |
| present | |
| • anastomoses type | |
| open, with a long bridge | |
| • anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls} | |
| as thick as | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • distance {from septum} | |
| one or two hyphal diam. below the septum | |
| • side-branches at septum number | |
| one side-branch at septum | |
| • clamps presence | |
| present | |
| • clamps outline {in lateral view} | |
| as a semicircle | |
| or | less than a semicircle |
| • clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view} | |
| thinner than | |
| • clamps hole presence | |
| absent | |
| or | present |
| • clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • abundance | |
| abundant | |
| • distribution | |
| partially crowded | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape | |
| slightly constricted | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end} | |
| simple | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length | |
| 22 µm | Minimum value |
| 32 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 71 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 200 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| or | without lens-shaped appositions |
| or | without spindle-shaped appositions |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness | |
| 0.2 µm | Mean (= average) |
| 1.5 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall} | |
| as thick as | |
| • type | |
| undifferentiated; margins rather smooth; hyphae compactly arranged and of uniform diameter (type B) |
|
| • internal nodia presence | |
| absent | |
| • a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence | |
| present | |
| • {of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance | |
| occasionally present | |
| • shape | |
| globular | |
| • number {per cell} | |
| 1 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 4 | Maximum value |
| • diameter | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Maximum value |
| • length | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Maximum value |
| • geographic occurrence continent | |
| Europe | |
| • knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence | |
| unknown | |
| • plant family | |
| Pinaceae | |
| • plant genus | |
| Picea | |
| • plant habitat kind | |
| forests, woods | |
| • family | |
| Hygrophoraceae | |
| • fruitbodies growth habit | |
| epigeous | |
| or | pileate-lamellate |
| • public notes | |
| Mycorrhizal ends flesh-coloured to light brown; autofluorescence of mantle in section with UV-filter with outer mantle portions yellowish-green, inner portions whitish-blue, with blue-filter outer mantle portions yellowish, inner portions ochre-yellowish, with green-filter mantle red throughout; mantle in sulfo-vanillin with slightly reddish walls and cytoplasm, in FeSO4 cytoplasm greyish green, in brillant-cresyl-blue walls violet, after rinsing with water blue, in toluidin-blue walls violet, in cotton-blue walls bluish, in acid fuchsin light pink, in ruthenium-red reddish. | |