• references | |
Montecchio L, Rossi S, Coutry P-E, Garbaye J (2006) Entoloma nitidum Quél. + Carpinus betulus L. Descr Ectomyc 9/10: 33-38. |
• length | |
4 mm | Minimum value |
7 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
46 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
70 mm | Maximum value |
• ramification presence-type | |
monopodial-pyramidal | |
• tips {per 10 mm} number | |
0 | Minimum value |
3 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
3 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
3 | Mean (= average) |
5 | Maximum value |
• ramification orders | |
0 | Minimum value |
1 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
2 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
3 | Maximum value |
• abundance | |
abundant, dense | |
• main axis diameter | |
0.3 mm | Minimum value |
0.5 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
0.8 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
0.9 mm | Maximum value |
• taste {after 2-3 min chewing} | |
mild | |
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
abundant | |
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
absent | |
• rhizomorphs presence | |
present | |
• rhizomorphs frequency | |
abundant | |
• exploration type | |
medium distance smooth |
• mantle hydrophobicity presence | |
absent | |
• shape | |
bent [rarely straight] | |
or | sinuous |
or | tortuous |
• shape {of distal end} | |
not inflated, cylindric [rarely tapering] | |
• length | |
0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
12 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• diameter | |
0.2 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
0.4 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
0.5 mm | Maximum value |
• colour | |
yellowish | |
• very tip colour | |
whitish | |
• after injury colour | |
unchanged | |
• older parts colour | |
ochre, yellowish brown | |
• mantle cortical cells visibility | |
visible | |
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
present | |
• mantle transparency | |
semi-transparent, opaque | |
or | completely transparent |
• mantle laticifers visibility | |
absent | |
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence | |
absent | |
• mantle dots presence-colour | |
absent | |
• mantle carbonizing presence | |
absent | |
• mantle surface {in general} habit | |
shiny | |
or | smooth |
• mantle surface {in detail} kind | |
not applicable | |
• emanating hyphae presence | |
absent |
• diameter | |
0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
58 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• cross-section shape | |
round or roundish | |
• colour | |
concolourous to mantle | |
or | yellowish |
• after injury colour | |
unchanged | |
• ramification kind-frequency | |
frequently, at restricted points | |
• connection to mantle kind | |
distinct | |
• origin location | |
not specific | |
• connection to substrate | |
growing into the soil or organic layers | |
• margin habit | |
smooth | |
• dimorphism presence | |
absent |
• presence | |
absent |
• emanating elements presence-type | |
rhizomorphs | |
• emanating elements cystidia location | |
not applicable | |
• crystals presence | |
absent | |
• blue granules presence | |
absent |
• presence | |
absent |
• completeness | |
complete | |
• matrix presence | |
absent |
• organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• mantle type | |
hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B) | |
• hyphal system kind | |
undifferentiated | |
and | with broad streaks of parallel hyphae |
• hyphae short protrusions presence | |
absent | |
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence | |
unknown | |
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between} | |
ca. 45° and less | |
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls} | |
as thick as walls | |
• septa clamps presence | |
present | |
• septa clamps abundance | |
abundant | |
• cell shape | |
cylindric, constricted at septa | |
and | ampullate at both sides of septum [slightly] |
• cell pigment location-colour | |
absent | |
and | membranaceously yellowish |
• cell contents presence-kind | |
absent | |
• cell diameter | |
1.8 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
4.1 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
4.4 µm | Maximum value |
• cell length | |
9 µm | Minimum value |
12 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
54 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
105 µm | Maximum value |
• cell wall thickness | |
1.2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
1.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• cell wall surface habit | |
smooth | |
and | with few soil particles |
• drops of exuded pigment presence | |
absent | |
• pigment granula on surface presence | |
absent |
• presence | |
present | |
• organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• hyphae arrangement | |
plectenchymatous, with broad streaks of parallel hyphae | |
• cell pigment location-colour | |
colourless | |
or | membranaceously yellowish |
• cell diameter | |
2.4 µm | Minimum value |
6.1 µm | Mean (= average) |
6.8 µm | Maximum value |
• cell length | |
20 µm | Minimum value |
25 µm | Mean (= average) |
78 µm | Maximum value |
• cell contents presence-kind | |
absent | |
• cell wall thickness | |
0.6 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
1.1 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• cell wall surface habit | |
smooth |
• organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• hyphae arrangement | |
with broad streaks of parallel hyphae | |
• septa thickness | |
unknown | |
• septa clamps presence | |
present | |
• cell pigment location-colour | |
absent | |
or | membranaceously yellowish |
• cell diameter | |
3.3 µm | Minimum value |
3.6 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
7.9 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
8.8 µm | Maximum value |
• cell length | |
14 µm | Minimum value |
39 µm | Mean (= average) |
89 µm | Maximum value |
• cell contents presence-kind | |
absent |
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation | |
like other parts of mantle | |
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter | |
1.8 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
19 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
40 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
46 µm | Maximum value |
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip} | |
45 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
95 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• calyptra cell remnants presence | |
unknown | |
• calyptra cell remnants type | |
unknown | |
• mantle different layers presence | |
discernable | |
• outer mantle layer organisation | |
pseudoparenchymatous | |
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
5 µm | Minimum value |
21 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
65 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
2 µm | Minimum value |
2.9 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
3.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
4.5 µm | Maximum value |
• middle mantle layer organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
3.1 µm | Minimum value |
4.7 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
15.1 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
2.1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
3.7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
4.9 µm | Maximum value |
• inner mantle layer organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
3.1 µm | Minimum value |
4.7 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
15.1 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
2.1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
3.7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
4.9 µm | Maximum value |
• presence | |
absent |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely | |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
7 µm | Minimum value |
9 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
23 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
27 µm | Minimum value |
35 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
45 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt) | |
15.4 µm | Mean (= average) |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq) | |
0.26 | Mean (= average) |
• presence | |
present | |
• kind | |
paraepidermal [up to two rows] | |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
roundish | |
or | cylindrical |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness | |
2.3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
4.2 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
5.1 µm | Maximum value |
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
one | |
• structure {in plan view} | |
infrequently lobed | |
• lobes width | |
0 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
1.3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• lobes septa presence | |
unknown |
• calyptra cell remnants presence | |
unknown | |
• calyptra cell remnants kind | |
unknown | |
• mantle different layers presence | |
discernible | |
• outer mantle layer organisation | |
plectenchymatous | |
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
8 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
11 µm | Maximum value |
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
2 µm | Minimum value |
2.9 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
3.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
4.5 µm | Maximum value |
• middle mantle layer organisation | |
pseudoparenchymatous | |
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
2.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
5.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• inner mantle layer organisation | |
pseudoparenchymatous | |
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
2.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
5.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• presence | |
absent |
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
radially-oval to -elliptic | |
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
7 µm | Minimum value |
12 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
31 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
33 µm | Maximum value |
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
5 µm | Minimum value |
11 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
23 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
25 µm | Maximum value |
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt | |
12.1 µm | Mean (= average) |
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq | |
0.75 | Mean (= average) |
• presence | |
present | |
• kind | |
unknown | |
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
cylindrical | |
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness | |
2.4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
3.6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
4.4 µm | Maximum value |
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
unknown | |
• lobes width | |
0 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
2.4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
• lobes septa presence | |
unknown | |
• structure {in plan view} | |
unknown |
• type | |
undifferentiated; margins rather smooth; hyphae compactly arranged and of uniform diameter (type B) |
|
• nodia presence | |
absent | |
• internal nodia presence | |
absent | |
• gelatinous matrix presence | |
absent | |
• gelatinized hyphae presence | |
absent | |
• hyphae distinctly different diameter | |
absent | |
• cup-like structures on surface presence | |
absent | |
• conical young side-branches presence | |
absent | |
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence | |
absent |
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
on central and peripheral hyphae | |
• contents presence-kind | |
absent | |
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
absent |
• presence | |
absent |
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence | |
absent | |
• {of foreign origin} presence | |
absent |
• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence | |
absent | |
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence | |
absent | |
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence | |
present [blue-pale yellow] | |
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence | |
present [pale yellow] | |
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence | |
absent |
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence | |
present [bluish-green] | |
• reaction with FeSO4 presence | |
absent | |
• reaction with guaiac presence | |
absent | |
• reaction with KOH 10% presence | |
absent | |
• reaction with lactic acid presence | |
absent | |
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence | |
absent | |
• reaction with sudan III presence | |
absent | |
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence | |
absent | |
• reaction with toluidin blue presence | |
present [lilac] | |
• reaction with trypan blue presence | |
present [pale blue] |
• substrate | |
in organic layer | |
• soil pH | |
pH 6 - 7 | |
• geographic occurrence continent | |
Europe | |
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence | |
unknown |
• plant family | |
Betulaceae | |
• plant genus | |
Carpinus | |
• plant habitat kind | |
forests, woods |
• family | |
Entolomataceae | |
• fruitbodies growth habit | |
epigeous | |
or | pileate-lamellate |
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bands number | |
4 | Mean (= average) |
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 1. band from below number | |
325 | Mean (= average) |
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 2. band from below number | |
175 | Mean (= average) |
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 3. band from below number | |
90 | Mean (= average) |
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 4. band from below number | |
60 | Mean (= average) |
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bands number | |
3 | Mean (= average) |
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 1. band from below number | |
350 | Mean (= average) |
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 2. band from below number | |
210 | Mean (= average) |
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 3. band from below number | |
100 | Mean (= average) |