| • references | |
| Beenken L (2001) Russula foetens (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. + Fagus sylvaticar L. Descr Ectomyc 5: 163-168. Beenken L (2004) Die Gattung Russula. Untersuchungen zu ihrer Systematik anhand von Ektomykorrhizen. Dissertation, Universität München. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00003175/01/Beenken_Ludwig.pdf |
|
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • ramification presence-type | |
| monopodial-pinnate [irregularly] | |
| • tips {per 10 mm} number | |
| unknown | |
| • ramification orders | |
| unknown | |
| • abundance | |
| unknown | |
| • main axis diameter | |
| 0.3 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.4 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • taste {after 2-3 min chewing} | |
| unknown | |
| • rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs presence | |
| present | |
| • rhizomorphs frequency | |
| infrequent | |
| • exploration type | |
| medium distance smooth | |
| • mantle hydrophobicity presence | |
| present [partly] | |
| • shape | |
| straight | |
| or | bent [slightly] |
| • shape {of distal end} | |
| not inflated, cylindric | |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • diameter | |
| 0.3 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.4 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • colour | |
| brownish | |
| or | ochre, yellowish brown |
| • very tip colour | |
| ochre, yellowish brown [light] | |
| • after injury colour | |
| unchanged | |
| • older parts colour | |
| unknown | |
| • mantle cortical cells visibility | |
| not visible | |
| • mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle transparency | |
| not transparent | |
| • mantle laticifers visibility | |
| absent | |
| • mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle dots presence-colour | |
| absent | |
| • mantle carbonizing presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle surface {in general} habit | |
| silvery | |
| or | not smooth |
| • mantle surface {in detail} kind | |
| densely short-spiny | |
| • emanating hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • emanating hyphae abundance | |
| infrequent | |
| • emanating hyphae distribution | |
| unknown | |
| • diameter | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.3 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cross-section shape | |
| cushion-shaped (semicircular) | |
| • colour | |
| unknown | |
| • after injury colour | |
| unchanged | |
| • ramification kind-frequency | |
| unknown | |
| • connection to mantle kind | |
| distinct | |
| • origin location | |
| proximal | |
| • connection to substrate | |
| almost consistently growing along roots | |
| • margin habit | |
| hairy [velvety] | |
| • dimorphism presence | |
| unknown | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • emanating elements presence-type | |
| rhizomorphs | |
| or | emanating hyphae |
| or | cystidia |
| • emanating elements cystidia location | |
| on outer mantle layer | |
| or | on rhizomorphs |
| • crystals presence | |
| absent | |
| • blue granules presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • completeness | |
| complete | |
| • matrix presence | |
| present | |
| • matrix location | |
| outer mantle layer {apart from tip} | |
| or | middle mantle layer |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • mantle type | |
| hyphae arranged net-like, with prominent cystidia (type D) | |
| • matrix kind | |
| gelatinous | |
| • hyphae short protrusions presence | |
| present | |
| • hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence | |
| unknown | |
| • hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between} | |
| variable | |
| • septa thickness {relative to cell walls} | |
| unknown | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell shape | |
| unknown | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| and | membranaceously yellowish |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 10 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 0.3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.3 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • pigment granula on surface presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous [densely] | |
| • matrix kind | |
| gelatinous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| plectenchymatous, with broad streaks of parallel hyphae | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| colourless | |
| or | membranaceously yellowish |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.3 µm | Mean (= average) |
| 0.3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous [densely] | |
| • matrix kind | |
| not applicable | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| without pattern [palmetti-like structures] | |
| • septa thickness | |
| unknown | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| or | membranaceously yellowish |
| • cell diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell length | |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation | |
| like other parts of mantle | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} matrix kind | |
| gelatinous | |
| • mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
| 25 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 40 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip} | |
| 25 µm | Mean (= average) |
| 25 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • calyptra cell remnants presence | |
| present | |
| • calyptra cell remnants type | |
| unknown | |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| not discernable | |
| • unlayered mantle organization | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter | |
| 1.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 8 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 15 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 20 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 45 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt) | |
| unknown | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq) | |
| unknown | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| paraepidermal | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| roundish [rectangluar] | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
| one | |
| • structure {in plan view} | |
| of palmetti type | |
| • lobes width | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • lobes septa presence | |
| unknown | |
| • intrahyphal hyphae presence | |
| unknown | |
| • intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • septal pores configuration | |
| unknown | |
| • backwards-oriented ramifications presence | |
| unknown | |
| • backwards-oriented clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • anastomoses type | |
| open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking | |
| • anastomoses surface habit | |
| unknown | |
| • anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls} | |
| unknown | |
| • anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae} | |
| unknown | |
| • anastomoses location | |
| not specified | |
| • type | |
| flask-shaped with an apical knob (type D) | |
| • apical knobs number | |
| 1 | Mean (= average) |
| 2 | Maximum value |
| • apical knobs arrangement | |
| symmetrically | |
| • apical knobs shape | |
| globose | |
| or | ovoid |
| • apical knobs diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • apical knobs length | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 3.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • apical knobs wall thickness | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 2 µm | Maximum value |
| • apical knobs cell wall thickness {relative to cystidial body} | |
| thicker than those of cystidial body | |
| • septa presence | |
| absent | |
| • foot cell presence | |
| absent | |
| • diameter {proximal} | |
| 4 µm | Minimum value |
| 8 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 12 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • diameter {distal} | |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Maximum value |
| • length | |
| 15 µm | Minimum value |
| 20 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 45 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 50 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell wall colour | |
| absent | |
| or | yellowish |
| • cell wall colour {relative to mantle cells} | |
| similar | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 2 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells} | |
| thicker | |
| • cell wall evenness | |
| even in thickness | |
| • surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • contents presence | |
| present | |
| • contents type | |
| brownish, with latex-like droplets | |
| • shape | |
| unknown | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| or | membranaceously yellowish |
| • pigment presence-distribution | |
| unknown | |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • clamps presence | |
| absent | |
| • type | |
| highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved (type F) |
|
| • nodia presence | |
| absent | |
| • internal nodia presence | |
| absent | |
| • gelatinous matrix presence | |
| present | |
| • gelatinized hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • hyphae distinctly different diameter | |
| absent | |
| • cup-like structures on surface presence | |
| absent | |
| • conical young side-branches presence | |
| absent | |
| • a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of foreign origin} presence | |
| absent | |
| • whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence | |
| absent | |
| • whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence | |
| present [yellow-green throughout] | |
| • mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence | |
| present [yellow througout] | |
| • mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence | |
| present [red throughout] | |
| • reaction with acid fuchsin presence | |
| present [walls slightly pink] | |
| • reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence | |
| present [walls blue, walls of cystidia dark blue] | |
| • reaction with ethanol 70% presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with FeSO4 presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with guaiac presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with KOH 10% presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with lactic acid presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with Melzer's reagent presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence | |
| present [walls pink, contents of a few cystidia becoming dark brown] | |
| • substrate | |
| in mineral soil | |
| • geographic occurrence continent | |
| Europe | |
| • knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence | |
| unknown | |
| • plant family | |
| Fagaceae | |
| • plant genus | |
| Fagus | |
| • plant habitat kind | |
| gardens, parks | |
| • family | |
| Russulaceae | |
| • fruitbodies growth habit | |
| epigeous | |
| or | pileate-lamellate |
| • PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bands number | |
| 2 | Mean (= average) |
| • PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 1. band from below number | |
| 505 | Mean (= average) |
| • PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 2. band from below number | |
| 210 | Mean (= average) |
| • PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bands number | |
| 2 | Mean (= average) |
| • PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 1. band from below number | |
| 350 | Mean (= average) |
| • PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 2. band from below number | |
| 335 | Mean (= average) |
| • public notes | |
| EcoRI: 360 bp, 320 bp; TaqI: 350 bp, 240 bp | |