Amanita strobiliformis (Paulet: Vittad.) Bertill. + Betula

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Raidl S, Verma RK (2006) Amanita strobiliformis (Paulet: Vittad.) Bertill. + Betula pendula Roth. Descr Ectomyc 9/10: 1-6.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate [mostly unramified]
• tips {per 10 mm} number
  unknown
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
  unknown
• main axis diameter
0.1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  medium distance smooth
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
• shape
  straight
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2.3 mm    Maximum value
• diameter
0.1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  white
• very tip colour
  unknown
• after injury colour
  unchanged
• older parts colour
  unknown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely woolly
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
• emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
  Mean (= average)
0.01 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
  unknown
• colour
  white
• after injury colour
  unchanged
• ramification kind-frequency
  frequently, at restricted points
• connection to mantle kind
  distinct
• origin location
  not specific
• connection to substrate
  growing into the soil or organic layers
• margin habit
  smooth
• dimorphism presence
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
• emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
• crystals presence
  absent
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• completeness
  complete
• matrix presence
  unknown
• matrix location
  unknown
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
and    hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• matrix kind
  unknown
• hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  unknown
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  unknown
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  thicker than walls
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell shape
  unknown
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
  unknown
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  rough
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• presence
  present
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
  unknown
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, ring-like [occasionally]
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
• cell diameter
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
  unknown
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous [densely]
• matrix kind
  unknown
• hyphae arrangement
  ring-like
• septa thickness
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
  unknown
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
30 µm    Minimum value
40 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
  unknown
• calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
• calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
• mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
• unlayered mantle organization
  plectenchymatous
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Maximum value
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  unknown
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
10 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
50 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
  unknown
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
  unknown

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  periepidermal
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  unknown
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
  unknown
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
or    two [infrequently 3]
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Maximum value
• lobes septa presence
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  unknown
• intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  unknown
• septal pores configuration
  globular thickenings
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  unknown
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  unknown
• anastomoses type
  unknown
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent


Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)


Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• length
  unknown
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved
(type F)
• nodia presence
  present
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  unknown
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
• conical young side-branches presence
  present
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• contents presence-kind
  absent
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  absent
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  absent
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  absent
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FEA presence
  present [warts dissolving]
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent [15%]
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  present [warts dissolving]
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Betulaceae
• plant genus
  Betula
• plant habitat kind
  gardens, parks

Fungus

• family
  Amanitaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

– Item listing –