Gyroporus cyanescens (Bull.: Fr.) Quél. + Pinus

– Item listing –

Literature

references
  Agerer R (1999) Gyroporus cyanescens (Bull.: Fr.) Quél. + Pinus sylvestris L. Descr Ectomyc 4: 43-47.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
0.5 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  dichotomous
or    coralloid
tips {per 10 mm} number
  unknown
ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3     Maximum value
abundance
  solitary or in small numbers
main axis diameter
0.6 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 mm    Mean (= average)
0.6 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
exploration type
  long distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
shape
  straight
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
diameter
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Mean (= average)
colour
  yellowish [yellowish white or with a slight greenish tint when air displaced by water]
or    whitish [yellowish white or with a slight greenish tint when air displaced by water]
very tip colour
  yellowish [whitish yellow, greenish yellow when air displaced by water]
or    whitish [whitish yellow, greenish yellow when air displaced by water]
after injury colour
  unknown
older parts colour
  brownish
or    ochre, yellowish brown [greenish ochre to brownish]
or    green [greenish ochre to brownish]
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely cottony
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0.01 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cross-section shape
  round or roundish
colour
  yellowish [slightly greenish yellow]
or    green [slightly greenish yellow]
after injury colour
  unknown
ramification kind-frequency
  frequently, at restricted points
connection to mantle kind
  distinct
origin location
  proximal
connection to substrate
  growing into the soil or organic layers
or    occasionally growing along roots
margin habit
  smooth
dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
or    on rhizomorphs
crystals presence
  absent
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  complete
matrix presence
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
hyphal system kind
  not applicable
hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  absent
hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  unknown
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
septa clamps presence
  present
septa clamps abundance
  abundant [consistently present]
cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Maximum value
cell length
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
presence
  present
organisation
  plectenchymatous
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern [infrequently ring-like]
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
cell diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
12 µm    Maximum value
cell length
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous [to pseudoparenchymatous]
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
septa thickness
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  present
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} matrix kind
  not applicable
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
50 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
50 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
calyptra cell remnants presence
  present
calyptra cell remnants type
  in one row
or    in two rows
or    close to root cells
or    within mantle
mantle different layers presence
  discernable
outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
middle mantle layer presence
  present
middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Maximum value
inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  present
rows number
0     Minimum value
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2     Maximum value
shape
  tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
tangentially length
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
55 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Maximum value
radially diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
13 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mean tangenial length TCt
45.5 µm    Mean (= average)
mean shape-ratio TCq
6.3     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic
or    tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
18 µm    Minimum value
21 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
12 µm    Minimum value
17 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
45 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
67 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
31.7 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
1.1     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  unknown
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  roundish
or    cylindrical
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  one
or    two
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
or    cylindrical
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
3 µm    Minimum value
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type [weakly ramified]
lobes width
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Maximum value
lobes septa presence
  absent
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  unknown
intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  unknown
septal pores configuration
  dolipore-like structures
or    globular thickenings
backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  absent
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
anastomoses type
  unknown
anastomoses surface habit
  unknown
anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  unknown
anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  unknown
anastomoses location
  unknown
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  not striking
cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
pigment presence-distribution
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
kind
  acute
distance {from septum}
  adjacent to septum [or in one hyphal diameter distance]
or    one or two hyphal diam. below the septum [or in one hyphal diameter distance]
side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  unknown

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  present
clamps surface kind
  not smooth
clamps outline {in dorsal view}
  cylindric
clamps width {relative to hypha in dorsal view}
  thinner than
clamps outline {in lateral view}
  as a semicircle
clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
  thinner than
or    as broad as
clamps hole presence
  present
clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
110 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall layers number
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  as thick as
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved
(type F)
nodia presence
  present
internal nodia presence
  present
gelatinous matrix presence
  absent
gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent
cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
conical young side-branches presence
  present
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
contents presence-kind
  absent
ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  present
{of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  occasionally present
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent
shape
  globular
diameter
4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [slightly bluish throughout]
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [slightly yellowish green throughout]
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [reddish throughout]

Chemical reactions

reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present [cell walls and contents distinctly blue]
reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
reaction with FeSO4 presence
  present [brownish]
reaction with guaiac presence
  present [green]
reaction with HNO3 conc
  present [reddish brown]
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent [15%]
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present [walls and contents of hyphae at first completely bright blue then greyish green afterwards brown]
reaction with sulphuric acid presence
  present [cell walls and contents blue]

Ecology

substrate
  in mineral soil
geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

plant family
  Pinaceae
plant genus
  Pinus
plant subgenus-section
  two-needle-pines
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Gyroporaceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-porioid

– Item listing –