Gomphus clavatus (Pers.: Fr.) S. F. Gray + Picea

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Agerer R, Beenken L, Christan J (1998) Gomphus clavatus (Pers.: Fr.) S. F. Gray + Picea abies (L.) Karst. Descr Ectomyc 3: 25-29.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate [irregularly]
or    monopodial-pyramidal [irregularly]
• tips {per 10 mm} number
  unknown
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
  nest-like, hyphal mats
• main axis diameter
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.33 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  present
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
• exploration type
  medium distance mat
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
• shape
  bent
or    sinuous
or    tortuous
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.5 mm    Maximum value
• diameter
0.24 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  greyish
or    white
• very tip colour
  white
or    whitish
• after injury colour
  unchanged
• older parts colour
  black [grey to black]
or    grey [grey to black]
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    covered with soil particles
or    not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely stringy
or    forming rings (reticulate)
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
• emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0.01 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Maximum value
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
• colour
  yellowish
or    white [with yellowish patches]
• after injury colour
  unchanged
• ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
or    frequently, at restricted points
• connection to mantle kind
  oblique
• origin location
  not specific
• connection to substrate
  growing into the soil or organic layers
• margin habit
  hairy
• dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
or    cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
or    on rhizomorphs
• crystals presence
  present
• crystals location
  outer mantle layer [at patches]
or    peripheral hyphae of rhizomorphs [at patches]
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• completeness
  complete
• matrix presence
  present
• matrix location
  outer mantle layer {apart from tip}
or    middle mantle layer
or    inner mantle layer
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
and    hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• clavate end cell cover presence
  present
• matrix kind
  gelatinous
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
• hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  present
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  unknown
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
• septa clamps presence
  present
• septa clamps abundance
  unknown
• cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
and    cylindric, constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
5 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
55 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
and    with few soil particles
• crystals presence-shape
  cuboid [irregularly]
• crystals diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Maximum value
• crystals length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
16 µm    Maximum value
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells diameter
  unknown
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells length
  unknown
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• presence
  present
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
  gelatinous
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
• cell diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
12 µm    Minimum value
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous [densely]
• matrix kind
  not gelatinous
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
or    with broad streaks of parallel hyphae [sometimes]
• hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
• septa thickness
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell diameter
1 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
  unknown
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
5 µm    Minimum value
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
• calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
• mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
• unlayered mantle organization
  plectenchymatous [loosely]
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
1 µm    Minimum value
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• rows number
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2     Maximum value
• shape
  tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• tangentially length
15 µm    Minimum value
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
95 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
100 µm    Maximum value
• radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mean tangenial length TCt
53.2 µm    Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
8.4     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely
or    tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
45 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
105 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
115 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
12 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
32 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
37 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
79.4 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
3.4     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  protruding towards endodermis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  roundish
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  one
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
or    cylindrical
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type [infrequently ramified]
• lobes width
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• lobes septa presence
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
• septal pores configuration
  globular thickenings
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  unknown
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  unknown
• anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
• anastomoses surface habit
  unknown
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  as thick as
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  thinner
• anastomoses location
  not specified
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
• type
  as acanthocystidia (type P)
• acanthocystidia side-branches length
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Maximum value
• acanthocystidia side-branches diam
0.75 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• septa presence
  absent
• diameter {proximal}
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Maximum value
• diameter {distal}
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Maximum value
• length
11 µm    Minimum value
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
90 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
• cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
  thinner
• cell wall evenness
  even in thickness
• surface habit
  smooth
• contents presence
  present
• contents type
  finely granular
or    homogeneous

Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• kind
  acute
• distance {from septum}
  adjacent to septum
• side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  unknown

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  present
• clamps surface kind
  unknown
• clamps outline {in dorsal view}
  cylindric
• clamps width {relative to hypha in dorsal view}
  unknown
• clamps outline {in lateral view}
  as a semicircle
or    not constricted at contact point to subtending hyphal cell
• clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
  as broad as
• clamps hole presence
  present
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
50 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
85 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
135 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
or    with soil particles
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  not applicable
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness

Anatomy of the crystals occouring in emanating hyphae
• presence shape
  absent

Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
• presence
  not applicable
• length
  not applicable
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged
(type C)
• nodia presence
  absent
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  present
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
• conical young side-branches presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• contents presence-kind
  absent
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• ampullate inflations thickness
5.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells diameter
  unknown
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells length
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells diameter
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells length
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells diameter
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells length
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells diameter
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells length
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells diameter
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells length
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [bluish]
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [greenish yellow]
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [red]

Chemical reactions

• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  present [crystals dissolving]
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent [15%]
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent

Ecology

• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Pinaceae
• plant genus
  Picea
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Gomphaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    clavarioid

DNA-Analysis

• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bands number
2     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 1. band from below number
540     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 2. band from below number
190     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bands number
2     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 1. band from below number
380     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 2. band from below number
350     Mean (= average)

Remarks

• public notes
  EcoRI: 2 x 355 bp; TaqI: 360bp, 235 bp, 86 bp, 66 bp

– Item listing –