Gomphus clavatus (Pers.: Fr.) S. F. Gray + Picea

– Item listing –

Literature

references
  Agerer R, Beenken L, Christan J (1998) Gomphus clavatus (Pers.: Fr.) S. F. Gray + Picea abies (L.) Karst. Descr Ectomyc 3: 25-29.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate [irregularly]
or    monopodial-pyramidal [irregularly]
tips {per 10 mm} number
  unknown
ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
abundance
  nest-like, hyphal mats
main axis diameter
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.33 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  present
rhizomorphs presence
  present
rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
exploration type
  medium distance mat
Morphology of the unramified ends
mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present
shape
  bent
or    sinuous
or    tortuous
shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.5 mm    Maximum value
diameter
0.24 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
colour
  greyish
or    white
very tip colour
  white
or    whitish
after injury colour
  unchanged
older parts colour
  black [grey to black]
or    grey [grey to black]
mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
mantle transparency
  not transparent
mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
mantle surface {in general} habit
  silvery
or    covered with soil particles
or    not smooth
mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely stringy
or    forming rings (reticulate)
emanating hyphae presence
  present
emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of rhizomorphs
diameter
0.01 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Maximum value
cross-section shape
  round or roundish
colour
  yellowish
or    white [with yellowish patches]
after injury colour
  unchanged
ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
or    frequently, at restricted points
connection to mantle kind
  oblique
origin location
  not specific
connection to substrate
  growing into the soil or organic layers
margin habit
  hairy
dimorphism presence
  absent
Morphology of sclerotia
presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
or    cystidia
emanating elements cystidia location
  on outer mantle layer
or    on rhizomorphs
crystals presence
  present
crystals location
  outer mantle layer [at patches]
or    peripheral hyphae of rhizomorphs [at patches]
blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
presence
  absent
anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
completeness
  complete
matrix presence
  present
matrix location
  outer mantle layer {apart from tip}
or    middle mantle layer
or    inner mantle layer
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
organisation
  plectenchymatous
mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
and    hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
clavate end cell cover presence
  present
matrix kind
  gelatinous
hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  present
hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  unknown
septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
septa clamps presence
  present
septa clamps abundance
  unknown
cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
and    cylindric, constricted at septa
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Maximum value
cell length
5 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
55 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
and    with few soil particles
crystals presence-shape
  cuboid [irregularly]
crystals diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Maximum value
crystals length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
16 µm    Maximum value
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
roundish plasmatically yellow cells diameter
  unknown
roundish plasmatically yellow cells length
  unknown
pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
presence
  present
organisation
  plectenchymatous
matrix kind
  gelatinous
hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
cell diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Maximum value
cell length
12 µm    Minimum value
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Maximum value
cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
organisation
  plectenchymatous [densely]
matrix kind
  not gelatinous
hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
or    with broad streaks of parallel hyphae [sometimes]
hyphae vessel-like presence
  absent
septa thickness
  unknown
septa clamps presence
  absent
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell diameter
1 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
cell length
  unknown
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
mantle thickness {apart from tip}
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
5 µm    Minimum value
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
mantle different layers presence
  not discernable
unlayered mantle organization
  plectenchymatous [loosely]
unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Maximum value
unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
1 µm    Minimum value
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
presence
  present
rows number
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2     Maximum value
shape
  tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
tangentially length
15 µm    Minimum value
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
95 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
100 µm    Maximum value
radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
mean tangenial length TCt
53.2 µm    Mean (= average)
mean shape-ratio TCq
8.4     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented obliquely
or    tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
45 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
105 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
115 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
12 µm    Minimum value
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
32 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
37 µm    Maximum value
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
79.4 µm    Mean (= average)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
3.4     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
presence
  present
kind
  protruding towards endodermis
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  roundish
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  one
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  roundish
or    cylindrical
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type [infrequently ramified]
lobes width
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
lobes septa presence
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
septal pores configuration
  globular thickenings
backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  unknown
backwards-oriented clamps presence
  unknown
anastomoses type
  open, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking
anastomoses surface habit
  unknown
anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  as thick as
anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  thinner
anastomoses location
  not specified
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
type
  as acanthocystidia (type P)
acanthocystidia side-branches length
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Maximum value
acanthocystidia side-branches diam
0.75 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
septa presence
  absent
diameter {proximal}
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Maximum value
diameter {distal}
1.5 µm    Minimum value
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Maximum value
length
11 µm    Minimum value
25 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
90 µm    Maximum value
cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm    Mean (= average)
cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
  thinner
cell wall evenness
  even in thickness
surface habit
  smooth
contents presence
  present
contents type
  finely granular
or    homogeneous

Anatomy of emanating hyphae
shape
  not striking
cell pigment location-colour
  absent
cell contents presence-kind
  absent
drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
presence
  present
kind
  acute
distance {from septum}
  adjacent to septum
side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  unknown

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
clamps presence
  present
clamps surface kind
  unknown
clamps outline {in dorsal view}
  cylindric
clamps width {relative to hypha in dorsal view}
  unknown
clamps outline {in lateral view}
  as a semicircle
or    not constricted at contact point to subtending hyphal cell
clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
  as broad as
clamps hole presence
  present
clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  slightly constricted
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
50 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
85 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
135 µm    Maximum value
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
or    without lens-shaped appositions
or    without spindle-shaped appositions
or    with soil particles
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  not applicable
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness

Anatomy of the crystals occouring in emanating hyphae
presence shape
  absent

Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
presence
  not applicable
length
  not applicable
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
type
  slightly differentiated; central hyphae somewhat enlarged
(type C)
nodia presence
  absent
internal nodia presence
  absent
gelatinous matrix presence
  present
gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent
cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
conical young side-branches presence
  absent
a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
contents presence-kind
  absent
ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
ampullate inflations thickness
5.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
roundish plasmatically yellow cells diameter
  unknown
roundish plasmatically yellow cells length
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells diameter
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells length
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells diameter
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells length
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells diameter
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells length
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  present, not specified
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
5.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
  present
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells diameter
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells length
  unknown
anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
{of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
{of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [bluish]
mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [greenish yellow]
mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [red]

Chemical reactions

reaction with FeSO4 presence
  present [crystals dissolving]
reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent [15%]
reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent

Ecology

geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

plant family
  Pinaceae
plant genus
  Picea
plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

family
  Gomphaceae
fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    clavarioid

DNA-Analysis

PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bands number
2     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 1. band from below number
540     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 2. band from below number
190     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bands number
2     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 1. band from below number
380     Mean (= average)
PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 2. band from below number
350     Mean (= average)

Remarks

public notes
  EcoRI: 2 x 355 bp; TaqI: 360bp, 235 bp, 86 bp, 66 bp

– Item listing –