| • references | |
| Palfner G (2001) Taxonomische Studien an Ektomykorrhizen aus den Nothofagus-Wäldern Mittelsüdchiles. Bibliotheca Mycologica Vol. 190, Cramer, Berlin Stuttgart. | |
| • length | |
| 1 mm | Minimum value |
| 2 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 11 mm | Maximum value |
| • ramification presence-type | |
| monopodial-pyramidal | |
| • tips {per 10 mm} number | |
| unknown | |
| • ramification index | |
| 0.8 | Minimum value |
| 1.1 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.5 | Mean (= average) |
| 2.3 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • ramification orders | |
| unknown | |
| • abundance | |
| abundant, dense | |
| • main axis diameter | |
| 0.3 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.7 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 1 mm | Maximum value |
| • taste {after 2-3 min chewing} | |
| unknown | |
| • rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence | |
| absent | |
| • rhizomorphs presence | |
| present | |
| • rhizomorphs frequency | |
| abundant | |
| • exploration type | |
| long distance | |
| • mantle hydrophobicity presence | |
| unknown | |
| • shape | |
| bent | |
| or | sinuous |
| or | tortuous |
| • shape {of distal end} | |
| tapering | |
| • length | |
| 0 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 2.5 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 3 mm | Maximum value |
| • diameter | |
| 0.2 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.4 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • colour | |
| brownish [yellowish brown to rosy brown] | |
| or | yellowish [yellowish brown to rosy brown] |
| or | white |
| • very tip colour | |
| white | |
| • after injury colour | |
| unchanged | |
| • older parts colour | |
| brown [yellowish brown to rosy brown] | |
| or | yellowish [yellowish brown to rosy brown] |
| • mantle cortical cells visibility | |
| not visible | |
| • mantle {distinct} surface visibility | |
| present | |
| • mantle transparency | |
| not transparent | |
| • mantle laticifers visibility | |
| absent | |
| • mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle dots presence-colour | |
| absent | |
| • mantle carbonizing presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle surface {in general} habit | |
| not smooth | |
| • mantle surface {in detail} kind | |
| densely woolly | |
| or | loosely woolly |
| or | densely stringy |
| or | loosely stringy |
| • emanating hyphae presence | |
| present | |
| • emanating hyphae abundance | |
| abundant | |
| • emanating hyphae distribution | |
| unknown | |
| • diameter | |
| 0.018 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.121 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 0.18 mm | Maximum value |
| • cross-section shape | |
| unknown | |
| • colour | |
| yellowish [when older] | |
| or | white |
| • after injury colour | |
| unknown | |
| • ramification kind-frequency | |
| frequently, at restricted points | |
| • connection to mantle kind | |
| unknown | |
| • origin location | |
| unknown | |
| • connection to substrate | |
| growing into the soil or organic layers | |
| • margin habit | |
| smooth | |
| • dimorphism presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • abundance | |
| unknown | |
| • shape | |
| globular | |
| or | elongated |
| • diameter | |
| 1 mm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.8 mm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • length | |
| 1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 1.8 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • colour | |
| dark brown | |
| or | brown |
| or | ochre, yellowish brown |
| • formation location | |
| around mycorrhizae | |
| • emanating elements presence-type | |
| rhizomorphs | |
| or | emanating hyphae |
| or | cystidia |
| • emanating elements cystidia location | |
| on outer mantle layer | |
| or | on rhizomorphs |
| • crystals presence | |
| present | |
| • crystals location | |
| peripheral hyphae of rhizomorphs [nest-like] | |
| • blue granules presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • completeness | |
| complete | |
| • matrix presence | |
| absent | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • mantle type | |
| ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A) | |
| and | hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B) |
| and | occasional patches of roundish cells on the mantle (type F) |
| • clavate end cell cover presence | |
| absent | |
| • hyphal system kind | |
| undifferentiated | |
| • hyphae short protrusions presence | |
| absent | |
| • hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence | |
| absent | |
| • hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between} | |
| ca. 45° and less | |
| • septa thickness {relative to cell walls} | |
| unknown | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| present | |
| • septa clamps abundance | |
| abundant | |
| • cell shape | |
| unknown | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 1.8 µm | Minimum value |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell length | |
| 12 µm | Minimum value |
| 18 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 69 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 79 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.5 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • crystals presence-shape | |
| absent | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • pigment granula on surface presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| plectenchymatous, ring-like | |
| • incomplete septa presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| colourless | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 1.8 µm | Minimum value |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell length | |
| 3 µm | Minimum value |
| 9 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 72 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 83 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.5 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • hyphae arrangement | |
| ring-like | |
| • hyphae vessel-like presence | |
| absent | |
| • septa thickness | |
| unknown | |
| • septa clamps presence | |
| present | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| unknown | |
| • cell diameter | |
| 1.8 µm | Minimum value |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 9 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell length | |
| 4 µm | Minimum value |
| 6 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 32 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 43 µm | Maximum value |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation | |
| like other parts of mantle | |
| • mantle thickness {apart from tip} | |
| 10 µm | Minimum value |
| 15 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 25 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Maximum value |
| • mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip} | |
| unknown | |
| • calyptra cell remnants presence | |
| present | |
| • calyptra cell remnants type | |
| close to root cells | |
| or | within mantle |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| discernable | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 35 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 56 µm | Maximum value |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Maximum value |
| • middle mantle layer presence | |
| present | |
| • middle mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 19 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 24 µm | Maximum value |
| • middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 19 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 36 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 3 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Maximum value |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 11 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 23 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 47 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 80 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 91 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq) | |
| 0.15 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.22 | Mean (= average) |
| 0.4 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 0.44 | Maximum value |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • kind | |
| paraepidermal | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| roundish | |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness | |
| 1.8 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number | |
| one | |
| • structure {in plan view} | |
| of palmetti type | |
| • lobes width | |
| 1 µm | Minimum value |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Maximum value |
| • lobes septa presence | |
| unknown | |
| • calyptra cell remnants presence | |
| present | |
| • calyptra cell remnants kind | |
| close to root cells | |
| or | within mantle |
| • mantle different layers presence | |
| discernible | |
| • outer mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 30 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 42 µm | Maximum value |
| • outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 8 µm | Maximum value |
| • middle mantle layer presence | |
| present | |
| • middle mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 20 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 45 µm | Maximum value |
| • middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 7 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 8 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer organisation | |
| plectenchymatous | |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length | |
| 2 µm | Minimum value |
| 4 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 16 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 31 µm | Maximum value |
| • inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter | |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 6 µm | Maximum value |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape | |
| radially-oval to -elliptic | |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length | |
| 7 µm | Minimum value |
| 11 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 13 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 16 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter | |
| 17 µm | Minimum value |
| 19 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 53 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 67 µm | Maximum value |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • intrahyphal hyphae presence | |
| unknown | |
| • intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence | |
| unknown | |
| • septal pores configuration | |
| unknown | |
| • backwards-oriented ramifications presence | |
| unknown | |
| • backwards-oriented clamps presence | |
| unknown | |
| • anastomoses type | |
| unknown | |
| • type | |
| fusiform (type F) | |
| • density | |
| 0 | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 5 | Maximum value |
| • branches ramification presence | |
| absent | |
| • septa presence | |
| absent | |
| • basal clamp walls abruptly thick | |
| absent | |
| • foot cell presence | |
| absent | |
| • diameter {proximal} | |
| unknown | |
| • diameter {distal} | |
| 4 µm | Minimum value |
| 10 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 15 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 18 µm | Maximum value |
| • length | |
| 28 µm | Minimum value |
| 38 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 50 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • cell wall colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell wall thickness | |
| 0.5 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 0.5 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.5 µm | Mean (= average) |
| • cell wall evenness | |
| unknown | |
| • surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • contents presence | |
| absent | |
| • cell pigment location-colour | |
| absent | |
| • cell contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| • drops of exuded pigment presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| present | |
| • clamps presence | |
| present | |
| • clamps surface kind | |
| smooth | |
| • clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| unknown | |
| • abundance | |
| unknown | |
| • distribution | |
| unknown | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape | |
| unknown | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end} | |
| simple | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter | |
| 1.8 µm | Minimum value |
| 2 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 4 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 5 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length | |
| 12 µm | Minimum value |
| 18 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 86 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| 102 µm | Maximum value |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit | |
| smooth | |
| • anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness | |
| 0.1 µm | Mean (= average) |
| 0.1 µm | Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known) |
| 0.1 µm | Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known) |
| • type | |
| highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved (type F) |
|
| • nodia presence | |
| present [often indistinct] | |
| • internal nodia presence | |
| absent | |
| • gelatinous matrix presence | |
| absent | |
| • gelatinized hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • hyphae distinctly different diameter | |
| absent | |
| • cup-like structures on surface presence | |
| absent | |
| • conical young side-branches presence | |
| unknown | |
| • a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
| absent only on thickened hyphae | |
| • contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| or | filled with brownish or yellowish substances |
| • ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
| absent only on thickened hyphae | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| or | filled with brownish or yellowish substances |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
| absent only on thickened hyphae | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| or | filled with brownish or yellowish substances |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
| absent only on thickened hyphae | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| or | filled with brownish or yellowish substances |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence | |
| absent only on thickened hyphae | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind | |
| absent | |
| or | filled with brownish or yellowish substances |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence | |
| absent | |
| • anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence | |
| absent | |
| • presence | |
| absent | |
| • internal structure organisation | |
| outer layer plectenchymatous, center pseudoparenchymatous | |
| • center structure habit | |
| compactly filled | |
| • {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence | |
| absent | |
| • {of foreign origin} presence | |
| absent | |
| • whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence | |
| absent | |
| • whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence | |
| absent | |
| • mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence | |
| present [only central cells of sclerotia distinctly blue] | |
| • reaction with acid fuchsin presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with anilin presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with ethanol 70% presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with FeSO4 presence | |
| present [weakly grey] | |
| • reaction with formol 40% presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with guaiac presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with KOH 10% presence | |
| present [slightly yellowish] | |
| • reaction with lactic acid presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with Melzer's reagent presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with phenole presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with phenole-aniline presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with ruthenium-red presence | |
| absent | |
| • reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence | |
| absent | |
| • substrate | |
| in organic layer | |
| or | in decaying wood |
| • geographic occurrence continent | |
| South America | |
| • knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence | |
| unknown | |
| • plant family | |
| Fagaceae | |
| • plant genus | |
| Nothofagus | |
| • plant habitat kind | |
| forests, woods | |
| • family | |
| Paxillaceae | |
| • fruitbodies growth habit | |
| epigeous | |
| or | pileate-lamellate |