Boletus putidus Horak + Nothofagus

Literature

• references
	Palfner G (2001) Taxonomische Studien an Ektomykorrhizen aus den Nothofagus-Wäldern Mittelsüdchiles. Bibliotheca Mycologica Vol. 190, Cramer, Berlin Stuttgart.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system

• length
2 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
	monopodial-pyramidal
• tips {per 10 mm} number
	unknown
• ramification index
1.3	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.6	Mean (= average)
2	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification orders
	unknown
• abundance
	solitary or in small numbers
• main axis diameter
0.2 mm	Minimum value
0.3 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
	unknown
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
	absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
	absent
• rhizomorphs presence
	present
• rhizomorphs frequency
	infrequent
• exploration type
	long distance

Morphology of the unramified ends

• mantle hydrophobicity presence
	unknown
• shape
	bent
or	sinuous
• shape {of distal end}
	tapering [slightly]
• length
0 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 mm	Maximum value
• diameter
0.2 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
	ochre, yellowish brown
• very tip colour
	whitish
• after injury colour
	unknown
• older parts colour
	brownish
• mantle cortical cells visibility
	not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
	present
• mantle transparency
	unknown
• mantle laticifers visibility
	absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
	absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
	absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
	absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
	not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
	loosely stringy
• emanating hyphae presence
	present
• emanating hyphae abundance
	infrequent
• emanating hyphae distribution
	unknown

Morphology of rhizomorphs

• diameter
0.006 mm	Minimum value
0.01 mm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.2 mm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.42 mm	Maximum value
• cross-section shape
	unknown
• colour
	yellowish
or	whitish
• after injury colour
	unknown
• ramification kind-frequency
	infrequently, at restricted points
• connection to mantle kind
	distinct
• origin location
	not specific
• connection to substrate
	growing into the soil or organic layers
• margin habit
	smooth
• dimorphism presence
	unknown

Morphology of sclerotia

• presence
	absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza

• emanating elements presence-type
	rhizomorphs
or	emanating hyphae
or	cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
	on outer mantle layer
or	on rhizomorphs
• crystals presence
	absent
• blue granules presence
	absent

Anatomy of laticifers

• presence
	absent
• anatomy entire mycorrhiza laticiferous solitary (gloeoplerous) cells presence
	absent

Anatomical features of the mantle

• completeness
	complete
• matrix presence
	absent

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip

• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• mantle type
	ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
and	hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• clavate end cell cover presence
	absent
• hyphal system kind
	undifferentiated
• hyphae short protrusions presence
	unknown
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
	unknown
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
	ca. 45° and less
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
	unknown
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell shape
	cylindric, constricted at septa
and	slightly inflated in middle portions
and	strongly inflated
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
and	plasmatically yellowish [infrequently]
• cell contents presence-kind
	absent
and	{in some cells} homogeneous, colourless or slightly yellowish
and	yellow granula
• cell diameter
3 µm	Minimum value
4 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
4 µm	Minimum value
6 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
80 µm	Maximum value
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm	Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
	absent
• pigment granula on surface presence
	absent

Anatomy of the middle mantle layer

• presence
	present
• organisation
	plectenchymatous
• hyphae arrangement
	plectenchymatous, without pattern
or	plectenchymatous, ring-like [infrequently]
• incomplete septa presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	colourless
• cell diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
4 µm	Minimum value
7 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
70 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
80 µm	Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
	unknown
• cell wall thickness
0.1 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm	Mean (= average)
• cell wall surface habit
	smooth

Anatomy of the inner mantle layer

• organisation
	plectenchymatous [densely]
• hyphae arrangement
	without pattern
or	ring-like [occasionally]
• hyphae vessel-like presence
	absent
• septa thickness
	unknown
• septa clamps presence
	absent
• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
• cell diameter
2 µm	Minimum value
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Maximum value
• cell length
4 µm	Minimum value
8 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
	unknown

Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip

• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
	like other parts of mantle

Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section

• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
10 µm	Minimum value
15 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Maximum value
• calyptra cell remnants presence
	present
• calyptra cell remnants type
	close to root cells
• mantle different layers presence
	discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
32 µm	Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer presence
	present
• middle mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
23 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Minimum value
8 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section

• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
11 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
18 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
22 µm	Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
40 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.21	Minimum value
0.23	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3	Mean (= average)
0.4	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.46	Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section

• presence
	present
• kind
	paraepidermal
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	cylindrical
or	beaded [slightly]
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• structure {in plan view}
	of palmetti type
• lobes width
1 µm	Minimum value
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Maximum value
• lobes septa presence
	unknown

Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section

• calyptra cell remnants presence
	present
• calyptra cell remnants kind
	close to root cells
• mantle different layers presence
	discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
30 µm	Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer presence
	present
• middle mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
22 µm	Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7 µm	Maximum value
• inner mantle layer organisation
	plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm	Minimum value
8 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section

• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
	tangentially-oval to tangentially-elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
7 µm	Minimum value
11 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
22 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
32 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
45 µm	Maximum value

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section

• presence
	present
• kind
	apparently two rows deep

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general

• intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
	absent

Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)

• type
	clavate [slightly]
• density
0	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7	Maximum value
• septa presence
	absent
• basal clamp walls abruptly thick
	absent
• foot cell presence
	absent
• diameter {proximal}
4 µm	Minimum value
5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
8 µm	Maximum value
• diameter {distal}
	unknown
• length
18 µm	Minimum value
32 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
45 µm	Maximum value
• cell wall colour
	absent
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm	Maximum value
• surface habit
	smooth
• contents presence
	present
• contents type
	absent
or	homogeneous

Anatomy of emanating hyphae

• cell pigment location-colour
	absent
• cell contents presence-kind
	unknown
• drops of exuded pigment presence
	absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae

• presence
	present

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae

• clamps presence
	absent

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae

• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
30 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
94 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
	smooth
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.1 µm	Mean (= average)
0.1 µm	Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 µm	Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of rhizomorphs

• type
	highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved (type F)
• nodia presence
	present
• internal nodia presence
	absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
	absent
• gelatinized hyphae presence
	absent
• hyphae distinctly different diameter
	absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
	absent
• conical young side-branches presence
	unknown
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
	absent
• contents presence-kind
	absent
or	filled with brownish or yellowish substances
or	with aggregated, crystal-like, in IC strongly light reflecting contents
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent
• roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
	absent
or	filled with brownish or yellowish substances
or	with aggregated, crystal-like, in IC strongly light reflecting contents
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
	absent
or	filled with brownish or yellowish substances
or	with aggregated, crystal-like, in IC strongly light reflecting contents
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
	absent
or	filled with brownish or yellowish substances
or	with aggregated, crystal-like, in IC strongly light reflecting contents
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs

• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
	absent
or	filled with brownish or yellowish substances
or	with aggregated, crystal-like, in IC strongly light reflecting contents
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae roundish plasmatically yellow cells presence
	absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
	absent

Anatomy of chlamydospores

• presence
	absent

Anatomy of haustoria

• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
	absent
• {of foreign origin} presence
	absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
	absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
	absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
	present [hyphal walls dull orange-brown to greenish brown]
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
	absent
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
	absent

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
	absent
• reaction with anilin presence
	absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
	absent
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
	absent
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
	absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
	present [weakly grey-green]
• reaction with formol 40% presence
	absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
	absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
	absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
	absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole presence
	absent
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
	absent
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
	absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
	present [slighty yellowish rosy, cells quickly dissolving]

Ecology

• substrate
	in organic layer
• geographic occurrence continent
	South America
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
	unknown

Tree

• plant family
	Fagaceae
• plant genus
	Nothofagus
• plant habitat kind
	forests, woods

Fungus

• family
	Boletaceae
• subfamily
	Boletaceae subf. Boletoideae
• fruitbodies growth habit
	epigeous
or	pileate-porioid

– Item listing –