Amanita citrina (Schaeff.) S. F. Gray + Pinus

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Mleczko P (2004) Amanita citrina (Schaeff.) S. F. Gray + Pinus sylvestris L. Descr Ectomyk 7/8: 1-10.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  dichotomous
• tips {per 10 mm} number
  unknown
• ramification orders
  unknown
• abundance
  unknown
• main axis diameter
0.4 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  infrequent
• exploration type
  medium distance smooth
or    long distance
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  unknown
• shape
  straight
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
or    tapering [slightly]
• length
0.7 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.5 mm    Mean (= average)
• colour
  ochre, yellowish brown [ochre-yellowish]
or    yellowish
or    white
• very tip colour
  unknown
• older parts colour
  brownish
or    yellowish
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  not applicable
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} colour-habit
  not applicable
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  smooth [velvety]
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  not applicable
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
• emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0.024 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.05 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
0.07 mm    Maximum value
• cross-section shape
  unknown
• colour
  yellowish
or    whitish [whitish-yellowish]
• ramification kind-frequency
  unknown
• connection to mantle kind
  distinct
• origin location
  unknown
• margin habit
  smooth
• dimorphism presence
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
• emanating elements cystidia location
  not applicable
• crystals presence
  absent
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• completeness
  complete
• matrix presence
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  ring-like arrangement of hyphal bundles (type A)
• hyphae short protrusions presence
  present
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  unknown
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  ca. 90°
and    ca. 120°
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell shape
  cylindric, constricted at septa [often]
• cell pigment location-colour
  unknown
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
  unknown
• cell wall thickness
  unknown
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• matrix kind
  unknown
• cell pigment location-colour
  unknown
• cell diameter
4.5 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
16.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
9.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell density
  unknown
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
  unknown
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
  unknown
• hyphae arrangement
  ring-like
• septa thickness
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  unknown
• cell diameter
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
7.5 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
  unknown
• cell contents presence-kind
  unknown
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle [middle mantle layer a transitional form between plectenchyma and pseudoparenchyma]
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} matrix kind
  unknown
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
18 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
17 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
• calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
4.5 µm    Minimum value
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
11 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
  unknown
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
  unknown
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
24 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
9.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• rows number
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• shape
  tangentially-oval, -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis [constricted at the ends]
• tangentially length
14.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
56 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• radially diameter
8.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
23.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mean tangenial length TCt
39.1 µm    Mean (= average)
• mean shape-ratio TCq
2.62     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic
or    tangentially-oval to -elliptic or -cylindrical, and oriented in parallel to root axis
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
23.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
60 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
15.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
48.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
32.7 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.8     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  in two rows, not reaching endodermis [rarely three]
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  unknown
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
  unknown
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  unknown
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  unknown
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
or    two [exceptionally two]
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• lobes septa presence
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section



Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  unknown
• intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  unknown
• septal pores configuration
  globular thickenings
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  present
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  unknown
• anastomoses type
  unknown
• anastomoses surface habit
  unknown
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  unknown
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  unknown
• anastomoses location
  unknown
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    membranaceously yellowish
• pigment presence-distribution
  unknown
• cell contents presence-kind
  homogeneous, brownish [some cells homogeneously yellowish filled]
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• kind
  acute
or    approximately 90°
• distance {from septum}
  unknown
• side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  as thick as main part of branch

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  even
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
27 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
91 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall layers number
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  as thick as
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved
(type F)
• nodia presence
  present
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  unknown
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  present
• hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
• conical young side-branches presence
  unknown
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  filled with brownish or yellowish substances
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {in foreign ectomycorrhizae} presence
  unknown
• {in foreign ectomycorrhizae} abundance
  unknown
• {in foreign ectomycorrhizae} formed in fungal genus
  unknown
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent
Anatomy of nuclei
• number {per cell}
  unknown
• shape
  unknown
• diameter
  unknown
• length
  unknown
• distance {between each other}
  unknown
Anatomy of siderophilous granulations
• presence
  unknown
• frequency
  unknown
• arrangement
  unknown
• diameter
  unknown

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [hyphae blue to light cream (especially hyphae of the mantle surface)]
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [mantle hyphae bright yellow]
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [hyphae red]

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  unknown
• reaction with anilin presence
  absent
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  present [mantle violet]
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present [mantle blue]
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  present [mantle becomes paler]
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with HCl presence
  unknown
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  present [15%: manlte darkens]
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with methylene blue presence
  unknown
• reaction with phenole presence
  unknown
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  unknown
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  unknown
• reaction with sudan III presence
  present [oily droplets inside hyphae stain reddish]
• reaction with sudan IV presence
  unknown
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present [mantle violet pink]
• reaction with toluidin blue presence
  present [manlte violet]
• reaction with trypan blue presence
  unknown
• reaction with water presence
  unknown
• chemical compounds type
  unknown

Ecology

• soil pH
  pH 3 - 4 [3,5-4,5]
or    pH 4 - 5 [3,5-4,5]
• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Pinaceae
• plant genus
  Pinus
• plant subgenus-section
  two-needle-pines
• plant habitat kind
  forests, woods

Fungus

• family
  Amanitaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

– Item listing –