Russula delica Fr. + Tilia

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Beenken L (2001) Russula delica Fr. + Tilia sp. Descr Ectomyc 5: 139-145.
Beenken L (2004) Die Gattung Russula. Untersuchungen zu ihrer Systematik anhand von Ektomykorrhizen. Dissertation, Universität München. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00003175/01/Beenken_Ludwig.pdf

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pinnate
• tips {per 10 mm} number
  unknown
• ramification orders
  unknown
• abundance
  unknown
• main axis diameter
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  unknown
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  infrequent
• exploration type
  medium distance smooth
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  present [only at patches]
• shape
  straight
or    bent [slightly]
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3 mm    Maximum value
• diameter
0.3 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  brownish
or    ochre, yellowish brown
• very tip colour
  brownish [light]
• older parts colour
  unknown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  covered with soil particles
or    not smooth
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  densely short-spiny
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  infrequent
• emanating hyphae distribution
  unknown
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.4 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
  cushion-shaped (semicircular)
• colour
  unknown
• ramification kind-frequency
  infrequently, at restricted points
• connection to mantle kind
  distinct
• origin location
  proximal
• connection to substrate
  almost consistently growing along roots
• margin habit
  smooth
• dimorphism presence
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
or    cystidia
• emanating elements cystidia location
  generally present
or    on outer mantle layer
or    on rhizomorphs
• crystals presence
  absent
• blue granules presence
  absent
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
Anatomical features of the mantle
• completeness
  complete
• matrix presence
  present
• matrix location
  outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip}
or    middle mantle layer
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  hyphae arranged net-like, with prominent cystidia (type D)
• matrix kind
  gelatinous
• hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  unknown
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  unknown
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness
0.3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.5 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  pseudoparenchymatous
• matrix kind
  not applicable
• cell shape
  polygonal
or    epidermoid
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell density
  unknown
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Maximum value
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
  unknown
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
• septa thickness
  unknown
• septa clamps presence
  absent
• cell pigment location-colour
  membranaceously yellowish
• cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell length
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
35 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
20 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• calyptra cell remnants presence
  present
• calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
  not applicable
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
  not applicable
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
  not applicable
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
25 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
30 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
50 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
  unknown
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
  unknown

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  periepidermal
or    paraepidermal
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  unknown
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  one
• structure {in plan view}
  of palmetti type
• lobes width
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• lobes septa presence
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• calyptra cell remnants presence
  present
• calyptra cell remnants kind
  unknown
• mantle different layers presence
  discernible
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer organisation
  not applicable
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  absent

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
27 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
30 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)

Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  unknown
• intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  absent
• septal pores configuration
  unknown
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  unknown
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  absent
• anastomoses type
  unknown
• anastomoses surface habit
  unknown
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  unknown
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  unknown
• anastomoses location
  unknown
Anatomy of cystidia

Anatomy of cystidia (type 1)
• type
  flask-shaped with an apical knob (type D)
• apical knobs number
1     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• apical knobs arrangement
  solitary, not in chains
or    symmetrically
or    asymmetrically
or    serially in a bunch of two
• apical knobs shape
  globose
or    ovoid
• apical knobs diameter
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• apical knobs length
1.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• apical knobs wall thickness
0.8 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• apical knobs cell wall thickness {relative to cystidial body}
  as thick as those of cystidial body
or    thicker than those of cystidial body
• septa presence
  present
• septa kind
  simple
• septa distance {between}
  unknown
• septa number
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• foot cell presence
  absent
• diameter {proximal}
5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter {distal}
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• length
17 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
40 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall colour
  yellowish
• cell wall colour {relative to mantle cells}
  unknown
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Minimum value
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall thickness {relative to mantle cells}
  thicker
• cell wall evenness
  even in thickness
• surface habit
  smooth
• contents presence
  present
• contents type
  of colourless oil droplets (=guttulae)

Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  not striking
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
or    membranaceously yellowish
• pigment presence-distribution
  unknown
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  unknown
• kind
  unknown
• distance {from septum}
  unknown
• side-branches at septum number
  variable
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  unknown

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  absent


Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.3 µm    Mean (= average)
0.3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall layers number
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  unknown


Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  highly differentiated; thick hyphae forming mostly a core, septa often partially or completely dissolved
(type F)
• nodia presence
  absent
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  present
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• hyphae distinctly different diameter
  absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
• conical young side-branches presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  absent

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• contents presence-kind
  absent
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae diameter
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
17 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae wall thickness
0.7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae diameter
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
17 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae wall thickness
0.7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae diameter
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
17 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae wall thickness
0.7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae diameter
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
17 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae wall thickness
0.7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae presence
  present
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae diameter
6 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
17 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs ladder-like hyphae wall thickness
0.7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {in foreign ectomycorrhizae} presence
  unknown
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  absent
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  absent
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [yellow-green throughout]
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [yellow throughout]
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [red throughout]

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  present [walls slightly pink]
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present [walls blue, walls of cystidie dark blue]
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  absent
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present [walls pink, contents of a few cystidia becoming dark brown]

Ecology

• substrate
  in mineral soil
• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe
• knowledge about association with foreign fruitbodies presence
  unknown

Tree

• plant family
  Tiliaceae
• plant genus
  Tilia
• plant habitat kind
  gardens, parks

Fungus

• family
  Russulaceae
• fruitbodies growth habit
  epigeous
or    pileate-lamellate

DNA-Analysis

• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bands number
2     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 1. band from below number
530     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 2. band from below number
370     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bands number
2     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 1. band from below number
400     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 2. band from below number
270     Mean (= average)

Remarks

• public notes
  Beenken (2001): EcoRI 540 bp, 360 bp; TaqI: 230 bp, 210 bp, 190 bp.

– Item listing –