Quercirhiza araneosa + Quercus

– Item listing –

Literature

• references
  Montecchio L, Rossi S, Grendene A, Causin R, Mutto Accordi S (1999) "Quercirhiza araneosa" + Quercus ilex L. Descr Ectomyc 4: 91-96.

Morphology

Morphology of the mycorrhizal system
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
8 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• ramification presence-type
  monopodial-pyramidal
or    irregularly pinnate, dichotomous-like
or    coralloid
• tips {per 10 mm} number
0     Minimum value
4     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
7     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
12     Maximum value
• ramification orders
0     Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1     Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• abundance
  abundant, dense
• main axis diameter
0.1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• taste {after 2-3 min chewing}
  mild [peanut taste]
• rhizomorphs as stout, short, conical structures presence-abundance
  absent
• rhizomorphs as short mycorrhiza-like outgrowths with blunt tips presence
  absent
• rhizomorphs presence
  present
• rhizomorphs frequency
  abundant
Morphology of the unramified ends
• mantle hydrophobicity presence
  unknown
• shape
  straight
or    bent
or    tortuous [sometimes straight or tortuous]
• shape {of distal end}
  not inflated, cylindric
• length
0 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• diameter
0.1 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.3 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• colour
  white [or whitish]
• very tip colour
  unknown
• older parts colour
  unknown
• mantle cortical cells visibility
  not visible
• mantle {distinct} surface visibility
  present
• mantle transparency
  not transparent
• mantle laticifers visibility
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} presence
  absent
• mantle secreted latex {after scratching mantle} colour-habit
  not applicable
• mantle dots presence-colour
  absent
• mantle carbonizing presence
  absent
• mantle surface {in general} habit
  shiny
or    silvery
• mantle surface {in detail} kind
  loosely cottony
• emanating hyphae presence
  present
• emanating hyphae abundance
  abundant
• emanating hyphae distribution
  not specifically distributed
Morphology of rhizomorphs
• diameter
0.07 mm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.1 mm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cross-section shape
  round or roundish
• colour
  concolourous to mantle
or    whitish
or    white
• ramification kind-frequency
  repeatedly into smaller filaments
or    frequently, at restricted points
or    infrequently, at restricted points
• connection to mantle kind
  oblique
or    fan-like
• origin location
  not specific
• margin habit
  smooth
or    hairy
• dimorphism presence
  unknown
Morphology of sclerotia
• presence
  absent

Anatomy

Anatomical features of the entire mycorrhiza
• emanating elements presence-type
  rhizomorphs
or    emanating hyphae
• emanating elements cystidia location
  not applicable
• crystals presence
  absent
• crystals location
  not applicable
• blue granules presence
  absent
• blue granules location
  not applicable
Anatomy of laticifers
• presence
  absent
• location
  not applicable
• shape
  not applicable
• ramification presence-abundance
  not applicable
• septa presence
  not applicable
• contents colour
  not applicable
• cell length
  not applicable
• cell diameter
  not applicable
• cell wall thickness
  not applicable
Anatomical features of the mantle
• completeness
  incomplete
• matrix presence
  absent
• matrix location
  not applicable
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer apart from the ectormycorrhizal tip
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• mantle type
  hyphae rather irregularly arranged and no special pattern discernible (type B)
• hyphal net cells shape
  not applicable
• hyphal net cells diameter
  not applicable
• hyphal net cell walls habit
  not applicable
• mound cells diameter
  not applicable
• matrix kind
  not applicable
• hyphal system kind
  undifferentiated
• hyphae arrangement
  not applicable
• hyphae short protrusions presence
  absent
• hyphae sticky matrix on hyphal surface presence
  unknown
• pores between cells presence
  not applicable
• pores between cells abundance
  not applicable
• hyphae hyphal junctions angle {between}
  ca. 45° and less [less than 90 degree]
• septa thickness {relative to cell walls}
  as thick as walls
• septa clamps presence
  present
• septa clamps abundance
  infrequent
• cell shape
  cylindric, not constricted at septa
and    cylindric, constricted at septa
and    ampullate at both sides of septum
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell diameter
2 µm    Minimum value
2.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
3.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
6.5 µm    Minimum value
9 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
37.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
43 µm    Maximum value
• cell density
  not applicable
• cell wall thickness
0.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.8 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• cell wall projections presence
  not applicable
• cell wall projections abundance
  not applicable
• cell wall projections shape
  not applicable
• crystals diameter
  not applicable
• crystals length
  not applicable
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent
• pigment granula on surface presence
  absent
• blue granules location
  not applicable
Anatomy of the middle mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous
• matrix kind
  not applicable
• hyphae arrangement
  plectenchymatous, without pattern
• cell shape
  not applicable
• cell pigment location-colour
  colourless
• cell diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
6.5 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
8 µm    Minimum value
13 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
33 µm    Maximum value
• cell density
  not applicable
• cell contents presence-kind
  absent
• cell wall thickness
0.4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• cell wall surface habit
  smooth
• crystals diameter
  not applicable
• crystals length
  not applicable
• cell blue granules location
  not applicable
Anatomy of the inner mantle layer
• organisation
  plectenchymatous [densely]
• matrix kind
  not applicable
• hyphae arrangement
  without pattern
• cell shape
  not applicable
• septa thickness
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• septa clamps presence
  present
• cell pigment location-colour
  absent
• cell diameter
2.5 µm    Minimum value
3 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
5.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
10.5 µm    Maximum value
• cell length
7 µm    Minimum value
10 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
20 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
37 µm    Maximum value
• cell contents presence-kind
  not applicable
• cell blue granules location
  not applicable
Anatomy of the outer mantle layer of the ectormycorrhizal tip
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} organisation
  like other parts of mantle
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} matrix kind
  not gelatinous
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} hyphae diameter
7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle outer mantle layer {of ectomycorrhizal tip} cell density
  not applicable
Anatomy of the mantle in longitudinal section
• mantle thickness {apart from tip}
15 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
27 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
36 µm    Maximum value
• mantle thickness {at ectomycorrhizal tip}
34 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
49 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
• calyptra cell remnants type
  unknown
• mantle different layers presence
  discernable [seldom]
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
13 µm    Maximum value
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
5.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
13 µm    Maximum value
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
or    pseudoparenchymatous [plectenchymatous to pseudoparenchymatous]
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
2.5 µm    Minimum value
7 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
10.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
15 µm    Maximum value
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
2 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• unlayered mantle hyphae tangentially length
  not applicable
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
  not applicable
• laticifers diameter
  not applicable

Anatomy of the tannin cells in longitudinal section
• presence
  absent
• rows number
  not applicable
• shape
  not applicable
• tangentially length
  not applicable
• radially diameter
  not applicable
• mean tangenial length TCt
  not applicable
• mean shape-ratio TCq
  not applicable

Anatomy of the cortical cells in longitudinal section
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic, oriented obliquely
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
8 µm    Minimum value
11 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
41 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
47 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
11 µm    Minimum value
16 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
42 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
59 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt (ECt)
23.6 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq (ECq)
0.7     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in longitudinal section
• presence
  present
• kind
  paraepidermal
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  not applicable
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
  not applicable
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  not applicable
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  unknown
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal cells around cortical cells (epidermal) thickness
1.7 µm    Minimum value
2.1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.7 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
3.4 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy mantle longitudinal section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  unknown
• structure {in plan view}
  infrequently lobed
• lobes width
0 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
1 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• lobes septa presence
  unknown
Anatomy of the mantle in cross-section
• calyptra cell remnants presence
  unknown
• calyptra cell remnants kind
  unknown
• mantle different layers presence
  discernible [not distinctly]
• outer mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• outer mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
  unknown
• outer mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
  unknown
• middle mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
• middle mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
  unknown
• middle mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
  unknown
• inner mantle layer organisation
  plectenchymatous
or    pseudoparenchymatous [plectenchymatouzs to pseudoparenchymatous]
• inner mantle layer hyphae tangentially length
  unknown
• inner mantle layer hyphae radially diameter
  unknown
• unlayered mantle hyphae radially diameter
  not applicable
• laticifers diameter
  not applicable

Anatomy of the tannin cells in cross-section
• presence
  absent
• rows number
  not applicable
• shape
  not applicable
• tangentially length
  not applicable
• radially diameter
  not applicable
• mean tangential length TCt
  not applicable
• mean shape-ratio TCq
  not applicable

Anatomy of the cortical cells in cross-section
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  radially-oval to -elliptic
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells tangentially length
12 µm    Minimum value
17.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
23 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells radially diameter
36 µm    Minimum value
40.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
47 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean tangential length CCt
0.3 µm    Mean (= average)
• anatomy mantle cross-section cortical (epidermal) cells mean shape-ratio CCq
0.3     Mean (= average)

Anatomy of the Hartig net in cross-section
• presence
  present
• kind
  apparently two rows deep [one row deep]
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells shape
  not applicable
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around tannin cells thickness
  not applicable
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around tannin cells number
  not applicable
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells shape
  unknown
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal cells around cortical (epidermal) cells thickness
1 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
2.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy mantle cross-section hyphal rows around cortical (epidermal) cells number
  unknown
• lobes width
  unknown
• lobes septa presence
  variable
• structure {in plan view}
  infrequently lobed
Anatomy of the emanating elements in general
• intrahyphal hyphae presence
  absent
• intrahyphal hyphae clamps presence
  not applicable
• septal pores configuration
  globular thickenings
• backwards-oriented ramifications presence
  present
• backwards-oriented clamps presence
  present
• anastomoses type
  closed by a simple septum, with a long bridge
or    closed by a simple septum, with a short bridge or bridge almost lacking (contact-septum)
• anastomoses surface habit
  unknown
• anastomoses cell wall thickness {relative to remaining cell walls}
  as thick as
• anastomoses anastomosal bridge thickness {relative to hyphae}
  unknown
• anastomoses location
  not specified
Anatomy of cystidia


Anatomy of emanating hyphae
• shape
  straight
or    wavy
• cell pigment location-colour
  plasmatically brownish
• pigment presence-distribution
  unknown
• cell contents presence-kind
  unknown
• drops of exuded pigment presence
  absent

Anatomy of the ramification of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• kind
  acute
• distance {from septum}
  one or two hyphal diam. below the septum
• side-branches at septum number
  one side-branch at septum
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae point of ramification thickness {relative to main part of branch}
  unknown

Anatomy of the septa of emanating hyphae
• clamps presence
  present
• clamps surface kind
  unknown
• clamps outline {in dorsal view}
  oval
• clamps width {relative to hypha in dorsal view}
  thinner than
• clamps outline {in lateral view}
  as a semicircle
or    less than a semicircle
or    not constricted at contact point to subtending hyphal cell
• clamps width {relative to hypha in lateral view}
  thinner than
or    as broad as
or    broader than
• clamps hole presence
  absent
• clamps blister-like structure {at basis} presence
  absent

Anatomy of secondary septa of emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• abundance
  infrequent
• distribution
  unknown

Anatomy of the cells of emanating hyphae
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape
  even
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell shape {at distal end}
  simple
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell diameter
3 µm    Minimum value
3.5 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
4.5 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell length
19 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
88 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
112 µm    Maximum value
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface habit
  rough of warts [warts rare]
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall surface structures shape
  hemispherical warts
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness
0.4 µm    Lower value of unspecified range (could be µ-s.d., but not known)
0.6 µm    Upper value of unspecified range (could be µ+s.d., but not known)
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall layers number
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall thickness at tip {relative to remaining cell wall}
  as thick as
• anatomy emanating elements emanating hyphae cell wall {apart from tip} evenness
  even in thickness

Anatomy of the crystals occouring in emanating hyphae
• presence shape
  not applicable
• orientation
  not applicable
• diameter
  not applicable
• length
  not applicable

Anatomy of the warts occouring on emanating hyphae
• presence
  present
• length
  unknown
Anatomy of rhizomorphs
• type
  undifferentiated; hyphae rather loosely woven and of uniform diameter
(type A)
• nodia presence
  absent
• internal nodia presence
  absent
• gelatinous matrix presence
  absent
• gelatinized hyphae presence
  absent
• cup-like structures on surface presence
  absent
• conical young side-branches presence
  absent
• a "ball" of intertwined, ramified, thin hyphae presence
  unknown
• blue granules location
  not applicable

Anatomy of hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  unknown
• contents presence-kind
  absent
• ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• ampullate inflations thickness
  not applicable
Anatomy of vessel-like or thickened hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
  not applicable
Anatomy of central non-vessel-like hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
  not applicable
Anatomy of peripheral hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
  not applicable
Anatomy of solitary thick-walled hyphae in rhizomorphs
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs clamps presence
  unknown
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae contents presence-kind
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate, trumpet-like inflated presence
  absent
• anatomy emanating elements rhizomorphs hyphae ampullate inflations thickness
  not applicable
Anatomy of chlamydospores
• presence
  absent
Anatomy of sclerotia
• internal structure organisation
  not applicable
• center structure habit
  not applicable
Anatomy of haustoria
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} presence
  absent
• {of ectomycorrhiza former} abundance
  not applicable
• {in foreign ectomycorrhizae} presence
  unknown
• {in foreign ectomycorrhizae} abundance
  unknown
• {in foreign ectomycorrhizae} formed in fungal genus
  unknown
• {of foreign origin} presence
  absent
• {of foreign origin} frequency
  not applicable
• {of foreign origin} formed by genus
  not applicable
• shape
  not applicable
• diameter
  not applicable

Autofluorescence

• whole mycorrhizae UV 254 nm colour-presence
  yellow, yellowish
• whole mycorrhizae UV 366 nm colour-presence
  yellow, yellowish
• mantle in section UV-filter 340-380 nm presence
  present [bluish througout with medium intensity]
• mantle in section blue-filter, 450-490 nm presence
  present [ochre throughout with medium intensity]
• mantle in section green-filter, 530-560 nm presence
  present [very light red throughout]

Chemical reactions

• reaction with acid fuchsin presence
  unknown
• reaction with anilin presence
  unknown
• reaction with brillant-cresyl-blue presence
  unknown
• reaction with cotton-blue-lactic-acid presence
  present [bluish]
• reaction with ethanol 70% presence
  unknown
• reaction with FeSO4 presence
  absent
• reaction with formol 40% presence
  unknown
• reaction with guaiac presence
  absent
• reaction with KOH 10% presence
  absent
• reaction with lactic acid presence
  absent
• reaction with Melzer's reagent presence
  absent
• amyloidity or dextrinoidity location
  not applicable
• amyloidity haustoria presence
  absent
• reaction with phenole presence
  unknown
• reaction with phenole-aniline presence
  unknown
• reaction with ruthenium-red presence
  unknown
• reaction with sudan III presence
  present [absent to light rose]
• reaction with sudan IV presence
  present [brown]
• reaction with sulpho-vanillin presence
  present [light orange rose]
• reaction with toluidin blue presence
  present [lilac]
• reaction with water presence
  unknown

Ecology

• substrate
  in organic layer
• soil pH
  pH more than 7
• geographic occurrence continent
  Europe

Tree

• plant family
  Fagaceae
• plant genus
  Quercus

DNA-Analysis

• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bands number
2     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 1. band from below number
560     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme Alu bp of 2. band from below number
250     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bands number
3     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 1. band from below number
400     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 2. band from below number
290     Mean (= average)
• PCR- ITS1, -ITS4 restriction enzyme HinfI bp of 3. band from below number
120     Mean (= average)

– Item listing –